"Finally, for those of you who have been patient enough to wade through C++ desperate to get your hands on some Java (and who can blame you!), here is the Java implementation of the Car class. The AWT (abstract windowing toolkit) uses a similar approach in some classes."
"This is not particularly typesafe, but it works. You can easily copy and serialize these constants, and then use them for fast switch lookups and so on. In fact, this is how Java language designers originally advised Java programmers to handle Java's lack of an enumeration feature (see "The Java Language Environment" whitepaper)."
"Of course, this works only for simple Java applications. Compared with C/C++, equivalent Java datastructures tend to occupy more physical memory. In enterprise software development, getting close to the maximum available virtual memory on today's 32-bit JVMs is a common scalability constraint. Thus, a Java programmer could benefit from sizeof() or something similar to keep an eye on whether his datastructures are getting too large or contain memory bottlenecks. Fortunately, Java reflection allows you to write such a tool quite easily."
"All integer types supported by the JVM -- bytes, shorts, ints, and longs -- are signed two's-complement numbers. The two's-complement scheme allows both positive and negative integers to be represented. The most significant bit of a two's-complement number is its sign bit. The sign bit is one for negative numbers and zero for positive numbers and for the number zero."
"Last year, Sun released its latest version of Java, J2SE 5.0, with lots of new features. One of them is the autoboxing conversions for primitives and wrapper objects. This article gives some insight about what boxing conversion in Java is, and how it is used in real-world programming. I will present the meaning of autoboxing and a few programming techniques."
"Two other ways a class can be instantiated implicitly involve the process of class loading. First, for every type a Java virtual machine loads, it implicitly instantiates a new Class object to represent that type. Second, when the Java virtual machine loads a class that contains CONSTANT_String_info entries in its constant pool, it may instantiate new String objects to represent those constant string literals. The process of transforming a CONSTANT_String_info entry in the method area to a String instance on the heap is part of the process of constant pool resolution. This process is described in detail in Chapter 8, "The Linking Model.""
"Note that with our strongly type-differentiated arguments we could, if we wanted, overload the constructor, allowing clients to supply parameters in a different order."
