The program does not explicitly assign an access permission to a component.
Any application can access public components that are not explicitly assigned an access permission in their manifest definition.
Example 1: Below is an example of a broadcast receiver declared without an explicit access permission.
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastReceiver"/>
[1] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 - (OWASP 2004) A2 Broken Access Control
[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 - (OWASP 2010) A6 Security Misconfiguration
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 - (FISMA) AC
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration - (CWE) CWE ID 265
[5] Jesse Burns Developing Secure Mobile Applications for Android
[6] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 - (SANS 2009) Improper Access Control - CWE ID 285
[7] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 - (PCI 1.1) Requirement 6.5.10
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 - (PCI 1.2) Requirement 7.1.1
[9] The AndroidManifest.xml File
[10] William Enck, Machigar Ongtang, and Patrick McDaniel Understanding Android Security
[11] William Enck and Patrick McDaniel Understanding Android's Security Framework
[12] Using Permissions