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/*
*
* Copyright (c) 1998 David R. Nadeau
*
*/
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.AWTEvent;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CheckboxMenuItem;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Cursor;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Menu;
import java.awt.MenuBar;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.EventListener;
import javax.media.j3d.Behavior;
import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere;
import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D;
import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight;
import javax.media.j3d.Group;
import javax.media.j3d.Light;
import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D;
import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCriterion;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnAWTEvent;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnElapsedFrames;
import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOr;
import javax.vecmath.Color3f;
import javax.vecmath.Matrix4d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3d;
import javax.vecmath.Point3f;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3d;
import javax.vecmath.Vector3f;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.PlatformGeometry;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.Viewer;
import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform;
/**
* The Example class is a base class extended by example applications. The class
* provides basic features to create a top-level frame, add a menubar and
* Canvas3D, build the universe, set up "examine" and "walk" style navigation
* behaviors, and provide hooks so that subclasses can add 3D content to the
* example's universe.
* <P>
* Using this Example class simplifies the construction of example applications,
* enabling the author to focus upon 3D content and not the busywork of creating
* windows, menus, and universes.
*
* @version 1.0, 98/04/16
* @author David R. Nadeau, San Diego Supercomputer Center
*/
public class Java3DFrame extends Applet implements WindowListener, ActionListener,
ItemListener, CheckboxMenuListener {
// Navigation types
public final static int Walk = 0;
public final static int Examine = 1;
// Should the scene be compiled?
private boolean shouldCompile = true;
// GUI objects for our subclasses
protected Java3DFrame example = null;
protected Frame exampleFrame = null;
protected MenuBar exampleMenuBar = null;
protected Canvas3D exampleCanvas = null;
protected TransformGroup exampleViewTransform = null;
protected TransformGroup exampleSceneTransform = null;
protected boolean debug = false;
// Private GUI objects and state
private boolean headlightOnOff = true;
private int navigationType = Examine;
private CheckboxMenuItem headlightMenuItem = null;
private CheckboxMenuItem walkMenuItem = null;
private CheckboxMenuItem examineMenuItem = null;
private DirectionalLight headlight = null;
private ExamineViewerBehavior examineBehavior = null;
private WalkViewerBehavior walkBehavior = null;
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// ADMINISTRATION
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* The main program entry point when invoked as an application. Each example
* application that extends this class must define their own main.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Java3DFrame ex = new Java3DFrame();
ex.initialize(args);
ex.buildUniverse();
ex.showFrame();
}
/**
* Constructs a new Example object.
*
* @return a new Example that draws no 3D content
*/
public Java3DFrame() {
// Do nothing
}
/**
* Initializes the application when invoked as an applet.
*/
public void init() {
// Collect properties into String array
String[] args = new String[2];
// NOTE: to be done still...
this.initialize(args);
this.buildUniverse();
this.showFrame();
// NOTE: add something to the browser page?
}
/**
* Initializes the Example by parsing command-line arguments, building an
* AWT Frame, constructing a menubar, and creating the 3D canvas.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
protected void initialize(String[] args) {
example = this;
// Parse incoming arguments
parseArgs(args);
// Build the frame
if (debug)
System.err.println("Building GUI...");
exampleFrame = new Frame();
exampleFrame.setSize(640, 480);
exampleFrame.setTitle("Java 3D Example");
exampleFrame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
// Set up a close behavior
exampleFrame.addWindowListener(this);
// Create a canvas
exampleCanvas = new Canvas3D(null);
exampleCanvas.setSize(630, 460);
exampleFrame.add("Center", exampleCanvas);
// Build the menubar
exampleMenuBar = this.buildMenuBar();
exampleFrame.setMenuBar(exampleMenuBar);
// Pack
exampleFrame.pack();
exampleFrame.validate();
// exampleFrame.setVisible( true );
}
/**
* Parses incoming command-line arguments. Applications that subclass this
* class may override this method to support their own command-line
* arguments.
*
* @param args
* a String array of command-line arguments
*/
protected void parseArgs(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i].equals("-d"))
debug = true;
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// SCENE CONTENT
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Builds the 3D universe by constructing a virtual universe (via
* SimpleUniverse), a view platform (via SimpleUniverse), and a view (via
* SimpleUniverse). A headlight is added and a set of behaviors initialized
* to handle navigation types.
*/
protected void buildUniverse() {
//
// Create a SimpleUniverse object, which builds:
//
// - a Locale using the given hi-res coordinate origin
//
// - a ViewingPlatform which in turn builds:
// - a MultiTransformGroup with which to move the
// the ViewPlatform about
//
// - a ViewPlatform to hold the view
//
// - a BranchGroup to hold avatar geometry (if any)
//
// - a BranchGroup to hold view platform
// geometry (if any)
//
// - a Viewer which in turn builds:
// - a PhysicalBody which characterizes the user's
// viewing preferences and abilities
//
// - a PhysicalEnvironment which characterizes the
// user's rendering hardware and software
//
// - a JavaSoundMixer which initializes sound
// support within the 3D environment
//
// - a View which renders the scene into a Canvas3D
//
// All of these actions could be done explicitly, but
// using the SimpleUniverse utilities simplifies the code.
//
if (debug)
System.err.println("Building scene graph...");
SimpleUniverse universe = new SimpleUniverse(null, // Hi-res coordinate
// for the origin -
// use default
1, // Number of transforms in MultiTransformGroup
exampleCanvas, // Canvas3D into which to draw
null); // URL for user configuration file - use defaults
//
// Get the viewer and create an audio device so that
// sound will be enabled in this content.
//
Viewer viewer = universe.getViewer();
viewer.createAudioDevice();
//
// Get the viewing platform created by SimpleUniverse.
// From that platform, get the inner-most TransformGroup
// in the MultiTransformGroup. That inner-most group
// contains the ViewPlatform. It is this inner-most
// TransformGroup we need in order to:
//
// - add a "headlight" that always aims forward from
// the viewer
//
// - change the viewing direction in a "walk" style
//
// The inner-most TransformGroup's transform will be
// changed by the walk behavior (when enabled).
//
ViewingPlatform viewingPlatform = universe.getViewingPlatform();
exampleViewTransform = viewingPlatform.getViewPlatformTransform();
//
// Create a "headlight" as a forward-facing directional light.
// Set the light's bounds to huge. Since we want the light
// on the viewer's "head", we need the light within the
// TransformGroup containing the ViewPlatform. The
// ViewingPlatform class creates a handy hook to do this
// called "platform geometry". The PlatformGeometry class is
// subclassed off of BranchGroup, and is intended to contain
// a description of the 3D platform itself... PLUS a headlight!
// So, to add the headlight, create a new PlatformGeometry group,
// add the light to it, then add that platform geometry to the
// ViewingPlatform.
//
BoundingSphere allBounds = new BoundingSphere(
new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100000.0);
PlatformGeometry pg = new PlatformGeometry();
headlight = new DirectionalLight();
headlight.setColor(White);
headlight.setDirection(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f));
headlight.setInfluencingBounds(allBounds);
headlight.setCapability(Light.ALLOW_STATE_WRITE);
pg.addChild(headlight);
viewingPlatform.setPlatformGeometry(pg);
//
// Create the 3D content BranchGroup, containing:
//
// - a TransformGroup who's transform the examine behavior
// will change (when enabled).
//
// - 3D geometry to view
//
// Build the scene root
BranchGroup sceneRoot = new BranchGroup();
// Build a transform that we can modify
exampleSceneTransform = new TransformGroup();
exampleSceneTransform
.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
exampleSceneTransform
.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
exampleSceneTransform.setCapability(Group.ALLOW_CHILDREN_EXTEND);
//
// Build the scene, add it to the transform, and add
// the transform to the scene root
//
if (debug)
System.err.println(" scene...");
Group scene = this.buildScene();
exampleSceneTransform.addChild(scene);
sceneRoot.addChild(exampleSceneTransform);
//
// Create a pair of behaviors to implement two navigation
// types:
//
// - "examine": a style where mouse drags rotate about
// the scene's origin as if it is an object under
// examination. This is similar to the "Examine"
// navigation type used by VRML browsers.
//
// - "walk": a style where mouse drags rotate about
// the viewer's center as if the viewer is turning
// about to look at a scene they are in. This is
// similar to the "Walk" navigation type used by
// VRML browsers.
//
// Aim the examine behavior at the scene's TransformGroup
// and add the behavior to the scene root.
//
// Aim the walk behavior at the viewing platform's
// TransformGroup and add the behavior to the scene root.
//
// Enable one (and only one!) of the two behaviors
// depending upon the current navigation type.
//
examineBehavior = new ExamineViewerBehavior(exampleSceneTransform, // Transform
// gorup
// to
// modify
exampleFrame); // Parent frame for cusor changes
examineBehavior.setSchedulingBounds(allBounds);
sceneRoot.addChild(examineBehavior);
walkBehavior = new WalkViewerBehavior(exampleViewTransform, // Transform
// group to
// modify
exampleFrame); // Parent frame for cusor changes
walkBehavior.setSchedulingBounds(allBounds);
sceneRoot.addChild(walkBehavior);
if (navigationType == Walk) {
examineBehavior.setEnable(false);
walkBehavior.setEnable(true);
} else {
examineBehavior.setEnable(true);
walkBehavior.setEnable(false);
}
//
// Compile the scene branch group and add it to the
// SimpleUniverse.
//
if (shouldCompile)
sceneRoot.compile();
universe.addBranchGraph(sceneRoot);
reset();
}
/**
* Builds the scene. Example application subclasses should replace this
* method with their own method to build 3D content.
*
* @return a Group containing 3D content to display
*/
public Group buildScene() {
// Build the scene group containing nothing
Group scene = new Group();
return scene;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// SET/GET METHODS
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Sets the headlight on/off state. The headlight faces forward in the
* direction the viewer is facing. Example applications that add their own
* lights will typically turn the headlight off. A standard menu item
* enables the headlight to be turned on and off via user control.
*
* @param onOff
* a boolean turning the light on (true) or off (false)
*/
public void setHeadlightEnable(boolean onOff) {
headlightOnOff = onOff;
if (headlight != null)
headlight.setEnable(headlightOnOff);
if (headlightMenuItem != null)
headlightMenuItem.setState(headlightOnOff);
}
/**
* Gets the headlight on/off state.
*
* @return a boolean indicating if the headlight is on or off
*/
public boolean getHeadlightEnable() {
return headlightOnOff;
}
/**
* Sets the navigation type to be either Examine or Walk. The Examine
* navigation type sets up behaviors that use mouse drags to rotate and
* translate scene content as if it is an object held at arm's length and
* under examination. The Walk navigation type uses mouse drags to rotate
* and translate the viewer as if they are walking through the content. The
* Examine type is the default.
*
* @param nav
* either Walk or Examine
*/
public void setNavigationType(int nav) {
if (nav == Walk) {
navigationType = Walk;
if (walkMenuItem != null)
walkMenuItem.setState(true);
if (examineMenuItem != null)
examineMenuItem.setState(false);
if (walkBehavior != null)
walkBehavior.setEnable(true);
if (examineBehavior != null)
examineBehavior.setEnable(false);
} else {
navigationType = Examine;
if (walkMenuItem != null)
walkMenuItem.setState(false);
if (examineMenuItem != null)
examineMenuItem.setState(true);
if (walkBehavior != null)
walkBehavior.setEnable(false);
if (examineBehavior != null)
examineBehavior.setEnable(true);
}
}
/**
* Gets the current navigation type, returning either Walk or Examine.
*
* @return either Walk or Examine
*/
public int getNavigationType() {
return navigationType;
}
/**
* Sets whether the scene graph should be compiled or not. Normally this is
* always a good idea. For some example applications that use this Example
* framework, it is useful to disable compilation - particularly when nodes
* and node components will need to be made un-live in order to make
* changes. Once compiled, such components can be made un-live, but they are
* still unchangable unless appropriate capabilities have been set.
*
* @param onOff
* a boolean turning compilation on (true) or off (false)
*/
public void setCompilable(boolean onOff) {
shouldCompile = onOff;
}
/**
* Gets whether the scene graph will be compiled or not.
*
* @return a boolean indicating if scene graph compilation is on or off
*/
public boolean getCompilable() {
return shouldCompile;
}
//These methods will be replaced
// Set the view position and direction
public void setViewpoint(Point3f position, Vector3f direction) {
Transform3D t = new Transform3D();
t.set(new Vector3f(position));
exampleViewTransform.setTransform(t);
// how to set direction?
}
// Reset transforms
public void reset() {
Transform3D trans = new Transform3D();
exampleSceneTransform.setTransform(trans);
trans.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f));
exampleViewTransform.setTransform(trans);
setNavigationType(navigationType);
}
//
// Gets the URL (with file: prepended) for the current directory.
// This is a terrible hack needed in the Alpha release of Java3D
// in order to build a full path URL for loading sounds with
// MediaContainer. When MediaContainer is fully implemented,
// it should handle relative path names, but not yet.
//
public String getCurrentDirectory() {
// Create a bogus file so that we can query it's path
File dummy = new File("dummy.tmp");
String dummyPath = dummy.getAbsolutePath();
// strip "/dummy.tmp" from end of dummyPath and put into 'path'
if (dummyPath.endsWith(File.separator + "dummy.tmp")) {
int index = dummyPath.lastIndexOf(File.separator + "dummy.tmp");
if (index >= 0) {
int pathLength = index + 5; // pre-pend 'file:'
char[] charPath = new char[pathLength];
dummyPath.getChars(0, index, charPath, 5);
String path = new String(charPath, 0, pathLength);
path = "file:" + path.substring(5, pathLength);
return path + File.separator;
}
}
return dummyPath + File.separator;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// USER INTERFACE
//--------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Builds the example AWT Frame menubar. Standard menus and their options
* are added. Applications that subclass this class should build their
* menubar additions within their initialize method.
*
* @return a MenuBar for the AWT Frame
*/
private MenuBar buildMenuBar() {
// Build the menubar
MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();
// File menu
Menu m = new Menu("File");
m.addActionListener(this);
m.add("Exit");
menuBar.add(m);
// View menu
m = new Menu("View");
m.addActionListener(this);
m.add("Reset view");
m.addSeparator();
walkMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Walk");
walkMenuItem.addItemListener(this);
m.add(walkMenuItem);
examineMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Examine");
examineMenuItem.addItemListener(this);
m.add(examineMenuItem);
if (navigationType == Walk) {
walkMenuItem.setState(true);
examineMenuItem.setState(false);
} else {
walkMenuItem.setState(false);
examineMenuItem.setState(true);
}
m.addSeparator();
headlightMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Headlight on/off");
headlightMenuItem.addItemListener(this);
headlightMenuItem.setState(headlightOnOff);
m.add(headlightMenuItem);
menuBar.add(m);
return menuBar;
}
/**
* Shows the application's frame, making it and its menubar, 3D canvas, and
* 3D content visible.
*/
public void showFrame() {
exampleFrame.show();
}
/**
* Quits the application.
*/
public void quit() {
System.exit(0);
}
/**
* Handles menu selections.
*
* @param event
* an ActionEvent indicating what menu action requires handling
*/
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
String arg = event.getActionCommand();
if (arg.equals("Reset view"))
reset();
else if (arg.equals("Exit"))
quit();
}
/**
* Handles checkbox items on a CheckboxMenu. The Example class has none of
* its own, but subclasses may have some.
*
* @param menu
* which CheckboxMenu needs action
* @param check
* which CheckboxMenu item has changed
*/
public void checkboxChanged(CheckboxMenu menu, int check) {
// None for us
}
/**
* Handles on/off checkbox items on a standard menu.
*
* @param event
* an ItemEvent indicating what requires handling
*/
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event) {
Object src = event.getSource();
boolean state;
if (src == headlightMenuItem) {
state = headlightMenuItem.getState();
headlight.setEnable(state);
} else if (src == walkMenuItem)
setNavigationType(Walk);
else if (src == examineMenuItem)
setNavigationType(Examine);
}
/**
* Handles a window closing event notifying the application that the user
* has chosen to close the application without selecting the "Exit" menu
* item.
*
* @param event
* a WindowEvent indicating the window is closing
*/
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) {
quit();
}
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent event) {
}
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent event) {
}
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent event) {
}
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent event) {
}
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent event) {
}
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent event) {
}
// Well known colors, positions, and directions
public final static Color3f White = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
public final static Color3f Gray = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
public final static Color3f DarkGray = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
public final static Color3f Black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);<
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