Synchronizing blocks instead of entire methods
// : c13:CriticalSection.java
// Synchronizing blocks instead of entire methods. Also
// demonstrates protection of a non-thread-safe class
// with a thread-safe one.
// From 'Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.' (c) Bruce Eckel 2002
// www.BruceEckel.com. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class CriticalSection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test the two different approaches:
final PairManipulator pm1 = new PairManipulator(new PairManager1()), pm2 = new PairManipulator(
new PairManager2());
new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("pm1: " + pm1);
System.out.println("pm2: " + pm2);
System.exit(0);
}
}, 500); // run() after 500 milliseconds
}
} ///:~
class Pair { // Not thread-safe
private int x, y;
public Pair(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public Pair() {
this(0, 0);
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public void incrementX() {
x++;
}
public void incrementY() {
y++;
}
public String toString() {
return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
}
public class PairValuesNotEqualException extends RuntimeException {
public PairValuesNotEqualException() {
super("Pair values not equal: " + Pair.this);
}
}
// Arbitrary invariant -- both variables must be equal:
public void checkState() {
if (x != y)
throw new PairValuesNotEqualException();
}
}
// Protect a Pair inside a thread-safe class:
abstract class PairManager {
protected Pair p = new Pair();
private List storage = new ArrayList();
public synchronized Pair getPair() {
// Make a copy to keep the original safe:
return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
}
protected void store() {
storage.add(getPair());
}
// A "template method":
public abstract void doTask();
}
// Synchronize the entire method:
class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
public synchronized void doTask() {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
store();
}
}
// Use a critical section:
class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
public void doTask() {
synchronized (this) {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
}
store();
}
}
class PairManipulator extends Thread {
private PairManager pm;
private int checkCounter = 0;
private class PairChecker extends Thread {
PairChecker() {
start();
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
checkCounter++;
pm.getPair().checkState();
}
}
}
public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
start();
new PairChecker();
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
pm.doTask();
}
}
public String toString() {
return "Pair: " + pm.getPair() + " checkCounter = " + checkCounter;
}
}
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