This is your headline. Shiny, shiny headline.
This is the main content/article, the perfect place for all the things you want to put on the page.
This is the main content/article, the perfect place for all the things you want to put on the page.
A standard typographic hierarchy for structuring your webpages.
The entire typographic grid is based on two Less variables in our variables.less file: @basefont
and @baseline
. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height.
We use those variables, and some math, to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more.
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Using emphasis, addresses, & abbreviations
<strong>
<em>
<address>
<abbr>
Emphasis tags (<strong>
and <em>
) should be used to indicate additional importance or emphasis of a word or phrase relative to its surrounding copy. Use <strong>
for importance and <em>
for stress emphasis.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Maecenas faucibus mollis interdum. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.
Note: It's still okay to use <b>
and <i>
tags in HTML5 and they don't have to be styled bold and italic, respectively (although if there is a more semantic element, use it). <b>
is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance, while <i>
is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.
The <address>
element is used for contact information for its nearest ancestor, or the entire body of work. Here are two examples of how it could be used:
Note: Each line in an <address>
must end with a line-break (<br />
) or be wrapped in a block-level tag (e.g., <p>
) to properly structure the content.
For abbreviations and acronyms, use the <abbr>
tag (<acronym>
is deprecated in HTML5). Put the shorthand form within the tag and set a title for the complete name.
<blockquote>
<p>
<small>
To include a blockquote, wrap <blockquote>
around <p>
and <small>
tags. Use the <small>
element to cite your source and you'll get an em dash —
before it.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis dapibus posuere velit aliquet.
Dr. Julius Hibbert
<blockquote> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis dapibus posuere velit aliquet.</p> <small>Dr. Julius Hibbert</small> </blockquote>
<ul>
<ul.unstyled>
<ol>
dl
<code>
<pre>
Pimp your code in style with two simple tags. For even more awesomeness through javascript, drop in Google's code prettify library and you're set.
Code, blocks of or just snippets inline, can be displayed with style just by wrapping in the right tag. For blocks of code spanning multiple lines, use the <pre>
element. For inline code, use the <code>
element.
Element | Result |
---|---|
<code> |
In a line of text like this, your wrapped code will look like this >html< element. |
<pre> |
<div> <h1>Heading</h1> <p>Something right here...</p> </div> Note: Be sure to keep code within |
<pre class="prettyprint"> |
Using the google-code-prettify library, you're blocks of code get a slightly different visual style and automatic syntax highlighting. <div> <h1>Heading</h1> <p>Something right here...</p> </div> Download google-code-prettify and view the readme for how to use. |
<table>
<thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
<td>
<colspan>
<caption>
Tables are great—for a lot of things. Great tables, however, need a bit of markup love to be useful, scalable, and readable (at the code level). Here are a few tips to help.
Always wrap your column headers in a <thead>
such that hierarchy is <thead>
> <tr>
> <th>
.
Similar to the column headers, all your table’s body content should be wrapped in a <tbody>
so your hierarchy is <tbody>
> <tr>
> <td>
.
All tables will be automatically styled with only the essential borders to ensure readability and maintain structure. No need to add extra classes or attributes.
# | First Name | Last Name | Language |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Some | One | English |
2 | Joe | Sixpack | English |
3 | Stu | Dent | Code |
<table> ... </table>
Get a little fancy with your tables by adding zebra-striping—just add the .zebra-striped
class.
# | First Name | Last Name | Language |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Some | One | English |
2 | Joe | Sixpack | English |
3 | Stu | Dent | Code |
Note: Zebra-striping is a progressive enhancement not available for older browsers like IE8 and below.
<table class="zebra-striped"> ... </table>
Taking the previous example, we improve the usefulness of our tables by providing sorting functionality via jQuery and the Tablesorter plugin. Click any column’s header to change the sort.
# | First Name | Last Name | Language |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Your | One | English |
2 | Joe | Sixpack | English |
3 | Stu | Dent | Code |
<script src="js/jquery/jquery.tablesorter.min.js"></script> <script > $(function() { $("table#sortTableExample").tablesorter({ sortList: [[1,0]] }); }); </script> <table class="zebra-striped"> ... </table>
All forms are given default styles to present them in a readable and scalable way. Styles are provided for text inputs, select lists, textareas, radio buttons and checkboxes, and buttons.
Add .form-stacked
to your form’s HTML and you’ll have labels on top of their fields instead of to their left. This works great if your forms are short or you have two columns of inputs for heavier forms.
As a convention, buttons are used for actions while links are used for objects. For instance, "Download" could be a button and "recent activity" could be a link.
All buttons default to a light gray style, but a number of functional classes can be applied for different color styles. These classes include a blue .primary
class, a light-blue .info
class, a green .success
class, and a red .danger
class.
Button styles can be applied to anything with the .btn
applied. Typically you’ll want to apply these to only <a>
, <button>
, and select <input>
elements. Here’s how it looks:
Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Have at it!
For buttons that are not active or are disabled by the app for one reason or another, use the disabled state. That’s .disabled
for links and :disabled
for <button>
elements.
Ultra simplistic and minimally styled pagination inspired by Rdio. The large block is hard to miss, easily scalable, and provides large click areas.
<div class="pagination"> <ul> <li class="prev disabled"><a href="#">← Previous</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li class="next"><a href="#">Next →</a></li> </ul> </div>
.alert-message
One-line messages for highlighting the failure, possible failure, or success of an action. Particularly useful for forms.
<div class="alert-message warning"> <a class="close" href="#">×</a> <p><strong>Holy guacamole!</strong> Best check yo self, you’re not looking too good.</p> </div>
.alert-message.block-message
For messages that require a bit of explanation, we have paragraph style alerts. These are perfect for bubbling up longer error messages, warning a user of a pending action, or just presenting information for more emphasis on the page.
<div class="alert-message block-message warning"> <a class="close" href="#">×</a> <p><strong>Holy guacamole! This is a warning!</strong> Best check yo self, you’re not looking too good. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue. Praesent commodo cursus magna, vel scelerisque nisl consectetur et.</p> <div class="alert-actions"> <a class="btn small" href="#">Take this action</a> <a class="btn small" href="#">Or do this</a> </div> </div>
Twipsies are super useful for aiding a confused user and pointing them in the right direction.
Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet illo error ipsum veritatis aut iste perspiciatis iste voluptas natus illo quasi odit aut natus consequuntur consequuntur, aut natus illo voluptatem odit perspiciatis laudantium rem doloremque totam voluptas. Voluptasdicta eaque beatae aperiam ut enim voluptatem explicabo explicabo, voluptas quia odit fugit accusantium totam totam architecto explicabo sit quasi fugit fugit, totam doloremque unde sunt sed dicta quae accusantium fugit voluptas nemo voluptas voluptatem rem quae aut veritatis quasi quae.
Use popovers to provide subtextual information to a page without affecting layout.
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Integrating javascript with the Bootstrap library is super easy. Below we go over the basics and provide you with some awesome plugins to get you started!
Bring some of Bootstrap's primary components to life with new custom plugins that work with jQuery and Ender. We encourage you to extend and modify them to fit your specific development needs.
File | Description |
---|---|
bootstrap-alerts.js | The alert plugin is a super tiny class for adding close functionality to alerts. |
bootstrap-twipsy.js | Based on the excellent jQuery.tipsy plugin written by Jason Frame; twipsy is an updated version, which doesn't rely on images, uses css3 for animations, and data-attributes for local title storage! |
bootstrap-popover.js | The popover plugin provides a simple interface for adding popovers to your application. It extends the boostrap-twipsy.js plugin, so be sure to grab that file as well when including popovers in your project! |
Nope! Bootstrap is designed first and foremost to be a CSS library. This javascript provides a basic interactive layer on top of the included styles.
However, for those who do need javascript, we've provided the plugins above to help you understand how to integrate Bootstrap with javascript and to give you a quick, lightweight option for the basic functionality right away.
For more information and to see some live demos, please refer to our plugin documentation page.
Bootstrap was built from Preboot, an open-source pack of mixins and variables to be used in conjunction with Less, a CSS preprocessor for faster and easier web development.
Check out how we used Preboot in Bootstrap and how you can make use of it should you choose to run Less on your next project.
Use this option to make full use of Bootstrap’s Less variables, mixins, and nesting in CSS via javascript in your browser.
<link rel="stylesheet/less" href="less/bootstrap.less" media="all" /> <script src="js/less-1.1.3.min.js"></script>
Not feeling the .js solution? Try the Less Mac app or use Node.js to compile when you deploy your code.
Here are some of the highlights of what’s included in Twitter Bootstrap as part of Bootstrap. Head over to the Bootstrap website or Github project page to download and learn more.
Variables in Less are perfect for maintaining and updating your CSS headache free. When you want to change a color value or a frequently used value, update it in one spot and you’re set.
// Links @linkColor: #8b59c2; @linkColorHover: darken(@linkColor, 10); // Grays @black: #000; @grayDark: lighten(@black, 25%); @gray: lighten(@black, 50%); @grayLight: lighten(@black, 70%); @grayLighter: lighten(@black, 90%); @white: #fff; // Accent Colors @blue: #08b5fb; @green: #46a546; @red: #9d261d; @yellow: #ffc40d; @orange: #f89406; @pink: #c3325f; @purple: #7a43b6; // Baseline grid @basefont: 13px; @baseline: 18px;
Less also provides another style of commenting in addition to CSS’s normal /* ... */
syntax.
// This is a comment /* This is also a comment */
Mixins are basically includes or partials for CSS, allowing you to combine a block of code into one. They’re great for vendor prefixed properties like box-shadow
, cross-browser gradients, font stacks, and more. Below is a sample of the mixins that are included with Bootstrap.
#font { .shorthand(@weight: normal, @size: 14px, @lineHeight: 20px) { font-size: @size; font-weight: @weight; line-height: @lineHeight; } .sans-serif(@weight: normal, @size: 14px, @lineHeight: 20px) { font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: @size; font-weight: @weight; line-height: @lineHeight; } ... }
#gradient { ... .vertical (@startColor: #555, @endColor: #333) { background-color: @endColor; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-image: -khtml-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(@startColor), to(@endColor)); // Konqueror background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // FF 3.6+ background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // IE10 background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, @startColor), color-stop(100%, @endColor)); // Safari 4+, Chrome 2+ background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // Safari 5.1+, Chrome 10+ background-image: -o-linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // Opera 11.10 background-image: linear-gradient(@startColor, @endColor); // The standard } ... }
Get fancy and perform some math to generate flexible and powerful mixins like the one below.
// Griditude @gridColumns: 16; @gridColumnWidth: 40px; @gridGutterWidth: 20px; @siteWidth: (@gridColumns * @gridColumnWidth) + (@gridGutterWidth * (@gridColumns - 1)); // Make some columns .columns(@columnSpan: 1) { width: (@gridColumnWidth * @columnSpan) + (@gridGutterWidth * (@columnSpan - 1)); }
After modifying the .less
files in /lib/, you'll need to recompile them in order to regenerate the bootstrap-*.*.*.css and bootstrap-*.*.*.min.css files. If you're submitting a pull request to GitHub, you must always recompile.
Method | Steps |
---|---|
Node with makefile |
Install the less command line compiler with npm by running the following command: $ npm install less Once installed just run Additionally, if you have watchr installed, you may run |
Javascript |
Download the latest Less.js and include the path to it (and Bootstrap) in the <link rel="stylesheet/less" href="/path/to/bootstrap.less"> <script src="/path/to/less.js"></script> To recompile the .less files, just save them and reload your page. Less.js compiles them and stores them in local storage. |
Command line |
If you already have the less command line tool installed, simply run the following command: $ lessc ./lib/bootstrap.less > bootstrap.css Be sure to include |
Less Mac app |
The unofficial Mac app watches directories of .less files and compiles the code to local files after every save of a watched .less file. If you like, you can toggle preferences in the app for automatic minifying and which directory the compiled files end up in. |