C - Do arithmetic operations to values of type char

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Introduction

The following program demonstrates how to perform arithmetic with char variables that you've initialized with characters.

The first three statements in the body of main() are as follows: 

char first = 'A';
char second = 'B';
char last = 'Z';

The next statement initializes a variable of type char with an integer value: 

char number = 40;

The initializing value must be within the range of values that a one-byte variable can store.

The next three statements declare three more variables of type char: 

char ex1 = first + 2;                     // Add 2 to 'A'
char ex2 = second - 1;                    // Subtract 1 from 'B'
char ex3 = last + 2;                      // Add 2 to 'Z'

The next two statements output the three variables ex1, ex2, and ex3 in two different ways: 

printf("Character values      %-5c%-5c%-5c\n", ex1, ex2, ex3);
printf("Numerical equivalents %-5d%-5d%-5d\n", ex1, ex2, ex3);

The first statement interprets the values stored as characters by using the %-5c conversion specifier.

This specifies that the value should be output as a character that is left aligned in a field width of 5.

The second statement outputs the same variables again, but interprets the values as integers by using the %-5d specifier.

The last line outputs the variable number as a character and as an integer: 

printf("The number %d is the code for the character %c\n", number, number);

Demo

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
      char first = 'A';
      char second = 'B';
      char last = 'Z';

      char number = 40;

      char ex1 = first + 2;                     // Add 2 to 'A'
      char ex2 = second - 1;                    // Subtract 1 from 'B'
      char ex3 = last + 2;                      // Add 2 to 'Z'

      printf("Character values      %-5c%-5c%-5c\n", ex1, ex2, ex3);
      printf("Numerical equivalents %-5d%-5d%-5d\n", ex1, ex2, ex3);
      printf("The number %d is the code for the character %c\n", number, number);
      return 0;// w w w  . j  av  a  2 s  .  co  m
}

Result

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