Example usage for org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment StandardDeviation setData

List of usage examples for org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment StandardDeviation setData

Introduction

In this page you can find the example usage for org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment StandardDeviation setData.

Prototype

public void setData(final double[] values) 

Source Link

Document

Set the data array.

Usage

From source file:de.biomedical_imaging.traJ.features.StandardDeviationDirectionFeature.java

@Override
public double[] evaluate() {
    StandardDeviation sd = new StandardDeviation();
    double[] values = new double[t.size() - timelag - 1];
    double subx = 0;
    double suby = 0;
    double subz = 0;

    for (int i = timelag + 1; i < t.size(); i++) {

        subx = t.get(i - timelag - 1).x;
        suby = t.get(i - timelag - 1).y;
        subz = t.get(i - timelag - 1).z;

        Vector3d v1 = new Vector3d(t.get(i - timelag).x - subx, t.get(i - timelag).y - suby,
                t.get(i - timelag).z - subz);

        subx = t.get(i - 1).x;//from w  ww. j  av a2  s .c  o m
        suby = t.get(i - 1).y;
        subz = t.get(i - 1).z;
        Vector3d v2 = new Vector3d(t.get(i).x - subx, t.get(i).y - suby, t.get(i).z - subz);

        double v = v1.angle(v2);

        boolean v1IsZero = TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v1.x) && TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v1.y)
                && TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v1.z);
        boolean v2IsZero = TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v2.x) && TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v2.y)
                && TrajectoryUtil.isZero(v2.z);
        if (v1IsZero || v2IsZero) {
            v = 0;
        }
        values[i - timelag - 1] = v;
        //System.out.println("da " + v1.angle(v2));
    }

    sd.setData(values);
    result = new double[] { sd.evaluate() };

    return result;
}

From source file:de.biomedical_imaging.traj.math.TrajectorySplineFit.java

/**
 * Calculates a spline to a trajectory. Attention: The spline is fitted through a rotated version of the trajectory.
 * To fit the spline the trajectory is rotated into its main direction. You can access this rotated trajectory by 
 * {@link #getRotatedTrajectory() getRotatedTrajectory}.
 * @return The fitted spline/*ww w.  j  a v a2 s  .  com*/
 */
public PolynomialSplineFunction calculateSpline() {

    successfull = false;
    /*
     * 1.Calculate the minimum bounding rectangle
     */
    ArrayList<Point2D.Double> points = new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>();
    for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); i++) {
        Point2D.Double p = new Point2D.Double();
        p.setLocation(t.get(i).x, t.get(i).y);
        points.add(p);
    }

    /*
     * 1.1 Rotate that the major axis is parallel with the xaxis
     */

    Array2DRowRealMatrix gyr = RadiusGyrationTensor2D.getRadiusOfGyrationTensor(t);
    EigenDecomposition eigdec = new EigenDecomposition(gyr);

    double inRad = -1 * Math.atan2(eigdec.getEigenvector(0).getEntry(1), eigdec.getEigenvector(0).getEntry(0));
    boolean doTransform = (Math.abs(Math.abs(inRad) - Math.PI) > 0.001);

    if (doTransform) {
        angleRotated = inRad;
        for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); i++) {
            double x = t.get(i).x;
            double y = t.get(i).y;
            double newX = x * Math.cos(inRad) - y * Math.sin(inRad);
            double newY = x * Math.sin(inRad) + y * Math.cos(inRad);
            rotatedTrajectory.add(newX, newY, 0);
            points.get(i).setLocation(newX, newY);
        }
        //for(int i = 0; i < rect.length; i++){
        //   rect[i].setLocation(rect[i].x*Math.cos(inRad)-rect[i].y*Math.sin(inRad), rect[i].x*Math.sin(inRad)+rect[i].y*Math.cos(inRad));
        //}
    } else {
        angleRotated = 0;
        rotatedTrajectory = t;
    }

    /*
     * 2. Divide the rectangle in n equal segments
     * 2.1 Calculate line in main direction
     * 2.2 Project the points in onto this line
     * 2.3 Calculate the distance between the start of the line and the projected point
     * 2.4 Assign point to segment according to distance of (2.3)
     */
    List<List<Point2D.Double>> pointsInSegments = null;
    boolean allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = true;
    int indexSmallestX = 0;

    double segmentWidth = 0;
    do {
        double smallestX = Double.MAX_VALUE;
        double largestX = Double.MIN_VALUE;

        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
            if (points.get(i).x < smallestX) {
                smallestX = points.get(i).x;
                indexSmallestX = i;
            }
            if (points.get(i).x > largestX) {
                largestX = points.get(i).x;
            }
        }

        allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = true;
        segmentWidth = (largestX - smallestX) / nSegments;
        pointsInSegments = new ArrayList<List<Point2D.Double>>(nSegments);
        for (int i = 0; i < nSegments; i++) {
            pointsInSegments.add(new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {

            int index = (int) Math.abs((points.get(i).x / segmentWidth));

            if (index > (nSegments - 1)) {
                index = (nSegments - 1);
            }
            pointsInSegments.get(index).add(points.get(i));
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < pointsInSegments.size(); i++) {
            if (pointsInSegments.get(i).size() < 2) {
                if (nSegments > 2) {
                    nSegments--;
                    i = pointsInSegments.size();
                    allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = false;

                }
            }
        }

    } while (allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints == false);

    /*
     * 3. Calculate the mean standard deviation over each segment: <s>
     */
    //Point2D.Double eMajorP1 = new Point2D.Double(p1.x - (p3.x-p1.x)/2.0,p1.y - (p3.y-p1.y)/2.0); 
    //   Point2D.Double eMajorP2 = new Point2D.Double(p2.x - (p3.x-p1.x)/2.0,p2.y - (p3.y-p1.y)/2.0); 
    double sumSDOrthogonal = 0;
    int Nsum = 0;
    CenterOfGravityFeature cogf = new CenterOfGravityFeature(rotatedTrajectory);
    Point2D.Double cog = new Point2D.Double(cogf.evaluate()[0], cogf.evaluate()[1]);
    Point2D.Double eMajorP1 = cog;
    Point2D.Double eMajorP2 = new Point2D.Double(cog.getX() + 1, cog.getY());
    for (int i = 0; i < nSegments; i++) {
        StandardDeviation sd = new StandardDeviation();
        double[] distances = new double[pointsInSegments.get(i).size()];
        for (int j = 0; j < pointsInSegments.get(i).size(); j++) {
            int factor = 1;
            if (isLeft(eMajorP1, eMajorP2, pointsInSegments.get(i).get(j))) {
                factor = -1;
            }
            distances[j] = factor * distancePointLine(eMajorP1, eMajorP2, pointsInSegments.get(i).get(j));
        }
        if (distances.length > 0) {
            sd.setData(distances);

            sumSDOrthogonal += sd.evaluate();
            Nsum++;
        }
    }
    double s = sumSDOrthogonal / Nsum;
    if (segmentWidth < Math.pow(10, -15)) {
        return null;
    }
    if (s < Math.pow(10, -15)) {
        //If standard deviation is zero, replace it with the half of the segment width

        s = segmentWidth / 2;
    }
    //rotatedTrajectory.showTrajectory("rot");
    /*
     * 4. Build a kd-tree
     */
    KDTree<Point2D.Double> kdtree = new KDTree<Point2D.Double>(2);

    for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
        try {
            //To ensure that all points have a different key, add small random number

            kdtree.insert(new double[] { points.get(i).x, points.get(i).y }, points.get(i));
        } catch (KeySizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyDuplicateException e) {
            //Do nothing! It is not important
        }

    }

    /*
     * 5. Using the first point f in trajectory and calculate the center of mass
     * of all points around f (radius: 3*<s>))
     */
    List<Point2D.Double> near = null;

    Point2D.Double first = points.get(indexSmallestX);//minDistancePointToLine(p1, p3, points);
    double r1 = 3 * s;
    try {

        near = kdtree.nearestEuclidean(new double[] { first.x, first.y }, r1);

    } catch (KeySizeException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    double cx = 0;
    double cy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < near.size(); i++) {
        cx += near.get(i).x;
        cy += near.get(i).y;
    }
    cx /= near.size();
    cy /= near.size();

    splineSupportPoints = new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>();
    splineSupportPoints.add(new Point2D.Double(cx, cy));

    /* 
     * 6. The second point is determined by finding the center-of-mass of particles in the p/2 radian 
     * section of an annulus, r1 < r < 2r1, that is directed toward the angle with the highest number 
     * of particles within p/2 radians.
     * 7. This second point is then used as the center of the annulus for choosing the third point, and the process is repeated (6. & 7.).
     */

    /*
     * 6.1 Find all points in the annolous
     */

    /*
     * 6.2 Write each point in a coordinate system centered at the center of the sphere, calculate direction and
     * check if it in the allowed bounds
     */
    int nCircleSegments = 100;
    double deltaRad = 2 * Math.PI / nCircleSegments;
    boolean stop = false;
    int minN = 7;
    double tempr1 = r1;
    double allowedDeltaDirection = 0.5 * Math.PI;

    while (stop == false) {
        List<Point2D.Double> nearestr1 = null;
        List<Point2D.Double> nearest2xr1 = null;
        try {
            nearestr1 = kdtree
                    .nearestEuclidean(new double[] { splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x,
                            splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y }, tempr1);
            nearest2xr1 = kdtree
                    .nearestEuclidean(new double[] { splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x,
                            splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y }, 2 * tempr1);
        } catch (KeySizeException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        nearest2xr1.removeAll(nearestr1);

        double lThreshRad = 0;
        double hThreshRad = Math.PI / 2;
        double stopThresh = 2 * Math.PI;
        if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
            double directionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y,
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x)
                    + Math.PI;
            lThreshRad = directionInRad - allowedDeltaDirection / 2 - Math.PI / 4;
            if (lThreshRad < 0) {
                lThreshRad = 2 * Math.PI + lThreshRad;
            }
            if (lThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                lThreshRad = lThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            hThreshRad = directionInRad + allowedDeltaDirection / 2 + Math.PI / 4;
            if (hThreshRad < 0) {
                hThreshRad = 2 * Math.PI + hThreshRad;
            }
            if (hThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                hThreshRad = hThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            stopThresh = directionInRad + allowedDeltaDirection / 2 - Math.PI / 4;
            if (stopThresh > 2 * Math.PI) {
                stopThresh = stopThresh - 2 * Math.PI;
            }

        }

        double newCx = 0;
        double newCy = 0;
        int newCN = 0;
        int candN = 0;

        //Find center with highest density of points
        double lastDist = 0;
        double newDist = 0;
        do {
            lastDist = Math.min(Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh),
                    2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh));

            candN = 0;
            double candCx = 0;
            double candCy = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < nearest2xr1.size(); i++) {
                Point2D.Double centerOfCircle = splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1);
                Vector2d relativeToCircle = new Vector2d(nearest2xr1.get(i).x - centerOfCircle.x,
                        nearest2xr1.get(i).y - centerOfCircle.y);
                relativeToCircle.normalize();
                double angleInRadians = Math.atan2(relativeToCircle.y, relativeToCircle.x) + Math.PI;

                if (lThreshRad < hThreshRad) {
                    if (angleInRadians > lThreshRad && angleInRadians < hThreshRad) {
                        candCx += nearest2xr1.get(i).x;
                        candCy += nearest2xr1.get(i).y;
                        candN++;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (angleInRadians > lThreshRad || angleInRadians < hThreshRad) {
                        candCx += nearest2xr1.get(i).x;
                        candCy += nearest2xr1.get(i).y;
                        candN++;
                    }
                }

            }

            if (candN > 0 && candN > newCN) {
                candCx /= candN;
                candCy /= candN;
                newCx = candCx;
                newCy = candCy;
                newCN = candN;
            }
            lThreshRad += deltaRad;
            hThreshRad += deltaRad;
            if (lThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                lThreshRad = lThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            if (hThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                hThreshRad = hThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            newDist = Math.min(Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh),
                    2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh));

        } while ((newDist - lastDist) > 0);

        //Check if the new center is valid
        if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
            double currentDirectionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y,
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x)
                    + Math.PI;
            double candDirectionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    newCy - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y,
                    newCx - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x) + Math.PI;
            double dDir = Math.max(currentDirectionInRad, candDirectionInRad)
                    - Math.min(currentDirectionInRad, candDirectionInRad);
            if (dDir > 2 * Math.PI) {
                dDir = 2 * Math.PI - dDir;
            }
            if (dDir > allowedDeltaDirection) {

                stop = true;
            }
        }
        boolean enoughPoints = (newCN < minN);
        boolean isNormalRadius = Math.abs(tempr1 - r1) < Math.pow(10, -18);
        boolean isExtendedRadius = Math.abs(tempr1 - 3 * r1) < Math.pow(10, -18);

        if (enoughPoints && isNormalRadius) {
            //Not enough points, extend search radius
            tempr1 = 3 * r1;
        } else if (enoughPoints && isExtendedRadius) {
            //Despite radius extension: Not enough points!
            stop = true;
        } else if (stop == false) {
            splineSupportPoints.add(new Point2D.Double(newCx, newCy));
            tempr1 = r1;
        }

    }

    //Sort
    Collections.sort(splineSupportPoints, new Comparator<Point2D.Double>() {

        public int compare(Point2D.Double o1, Point2D.Double o2) {
            if (o1.x < o2.x) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (o1.x > o2.x) {
                return 1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
    });

    //Add endpoints
    if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
        Vector2d start = new Vector2d(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x - splineSupportPoints.get(1).x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y - splineSupportPoints.get(1).y);
        start.normalize();
        start.scale(r1 * 8);
        splineSupportPoints.add(0, new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x + start.x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y + start.y));

        Vector2d end = new Vector2d(
                splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                        - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                        - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y);
        end.normalize();
        end.scale(r1 * 6);
        splineSupportPoints
                .add(new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x + end.x,
                        splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y + end.y));
    } else {
        Vector2d majordir = new Vector2d(-1, 0);
        majordir.normalize();
        majordir.scale(r1 * 8);
        splineSupportPoints.add(0, new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x + majordir.x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y + majordir.y));
        majordir.scale(-1);
        splineSupportPoints
                .add(new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x + majordir.x,
                        splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y + majordir.y));

    }

    //Interpolate spline
    double[] supX = new double[splineSupportPoints.size()];
    double[] supY = new double[splineSupportPoints.size()];
    for (int i = 0; i < splineSupportPoints.size(); i++) {
        supX[i] = splineSupportPoints.get(i).x;
        supY[i] = splineSupportPoints.get(i).y;
    }

    SplineInterpolator sIinter = new SplineInterpolator();
    spline = sIinter.interpolate(supX, supY);
    successfull = true;
    return spline;
}

From source file:de.biomedical_imaging.traj.math.TrajectorySplineFitLegacy.java

/**
 * Calculates a spline to a trajectory. Attention: The spline is fitted through a rotated version of the trajectory.
 * To fit the spline the trajectory is rotated into its main direction. You can access this rotated trajectory by 
 * {@link #getRotatedTrajectory() getRotatedTrajectory}.
 * @return The fitted spline/* w w w. j av  a  2s .c  om*/
 */
public PolynomialSplineFunction calculateSpline() {

    /*
     * 1.Calculate the minimum bounding rectangle
     */
    ArrayList<Point2D.Double> points = new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>();
    for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); i++) {
        Point2D.Double p = new Point2D.Double();
        p.setLocation(t.get(i).x, t.get(i).y);
        points.add(p);
    }
    Point2D.Double[] rect = null;
    try {
        rect = RotatingCalipers.getMinimumBoundingRectangle(points);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

    } catch (EmptyStackException e) {

    }

    /*
     * 1.1 Rotate that the major axis is parallel with the xaxis
     */

    Point2D.Double majorDirection = null;

    Point2D.Double p1 = rect[2]; //top left
    Point2D.Double p2 = p1.distance(rect[1]) > p1.distance(rect[3]) ? rect[1] : rect[3]; //Point to long side
    Point2D.Double p3 = p1.distance(rect[1]) > p1.distance(rect[3]) ? rect[3] : rect[1]; //Point to short side
    majorDirection = new Point2D.Double(p2.x - p1.x, p2.y - p1.y);
    double width = p1.distance(p2);
    double inRad = -1 * Math.atan2(majorDirection.y, majorDirection.x);

    boolean doTransform = (Math.abs(Math.abs(inRad) - Math.PI) > 0.001);

    if (doTransform) {
        angleRotated = inRad;
        for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); i++) {
            double x = t.get(i).x;
            double y = t.get(i).y;
            double newX = x * Math.cos(inRad) - y * Math.sin(inRad);
            double newY = x * Math.sin(inRad) + y * Math.cos(inRad);
            rotatedTrajectory.add(newX, newY, 0);
            points.get(i).setLocation(newX, newY);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < rect.length; i++) {
            rect[i].setLocation(rect[i].x * Math.cos(inRad) - rect[i].y * Math.sin(inRad),
                    rect[i].x * Math.sin(inRad) + rect[i].y * Math.cos(inRad));
        }

        p1 = rect[2]; //top left
        p2 = p1.distance(rect[1]) > p1.distance(rect[3]) ? rect[1] : rect[3]; //Point to long side
        p3 = p1.distance(rect[1]) > p1.distance(rect[3]) ? rect[3] : rect[1]; //Point to short side
    } else {
        angleRotated = 0;
        rotatedTrajectory = t;
    }

    /*
     * 2. Divide the rectangle in n equal segments
     * 2.1 Calculate line in main direction
     * 2.2 Project the points in onto this line
     * 2.3 Calculate the distance between the start of the line and the projected point
     * 2.4 Assign point to segment according to distance of (2.3)
     */
    List<List<Point2D.Double>> pointsInSegments = null;
    boolean allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = true;
    do {

        allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = true;
        double segmentWidth = p1.distance(p2) / nSegments;
        pointsInSegments = new ArrayList<List<Point2D.Double>>(nSegments);
        for (int i = 0; i < nSegments; i++) {
            pointsInSegments.add(new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
            Point2D.Double projPoint = projectPointToLine(p1, p2, points.get(i));
            int index = (int) (p1.distance(projPoint) / segmentWidth);

            if (index > (nSegments - 1)) {
                index = (nSegments - 1);
            }
            pointsInSegments.get(index).add(points.get(i));
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < pointsInSegments.size(); i++) {
            if (pointsInSegments.get(i).size() < 2) {
                if (nSegments > 2) {
                    nSegments--;
                    i = pointsInSegments.size();
                    allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints = false;

                }
            }
        }
    } while (allSegmentsContainingAtLeastTwoPoints == false);

    /*
     * 3. Calculate the mean standard deviation over each segment: <s>
     */

    Point2D.Double eMajorP1 = new Point2D.Double(p1.x - (p3.x - p1.x) / 2.0, p1.y - (p3.y - p1.y) / 2.0);
    Point2D.Double eMajorP2 = new Point2D.Double(p2.x - (p3.x - p1.x) / 2.0, p2.y - (p3.y - p1.y) / 2.0);
    double sumMean = 0;
    int Nsum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nSegments; i++) {
        StandardDeviation sd = new StandardDeviation();
        double[] distances = new double[pointsInSegments.get(i).size()];
        for (int j = 0; j < pointsInSegments.get(i).size(); j++) {
            int factor = 1;
            if (isLeft(eMajorP1, eMajorP2, pointsInSegments.get(i).get(j))) {
                factor = -1;
            }
            distances[j] = factor * distancePointLine(eMajorP1, eMajorP2, pointsInSegments.get(i).get(j));
        }
        if (distances.length > 0) {
            sd.setData(distances);

            sumMean += sd.evaluate();

            Nsum++;
        }
    }
    double s = sumMean / Nsum;
    if (s < 0.000000000001) {
        s = width / nSegments;
    }

    /*
     * 4. Build a kd-tree
     */
    KDTree<Point2D.Double> kdtree = new KDTree<Point2D.Double>(2);

    for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
        try {
            //To ensure that all points have a different key, add small random number

            kdtree.insert(new double[] { points.get(i).x, points.get(i).y }, points.get(i));
        } catch (KeySizeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyDuplicateException e) {
            //Do nothing! It is not important
        }

    }

    /*
     * 5. Using the first point f in trajectory and calculate the center of mass
     * of all points around f (radius: 3*<s>))
     */
    List<Point2D.Double> near = null;

    Point2D.Double first = minDistancePointToLine(p1, p3, points);
    double r1 = 3 * s;
    try {

        near = kdtree.nearestEuclidean(new double[] { first.x, first.y }, r1);

    } catch (KeySizeException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    double cx = 0;
    double cy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < near.size(); i++) {
        cx += near.get(i).x;
        cy += near.get(i).y;
    }
    cx /= near.size();
    cy /= near.size();

    splineSupportPoints = new ArrayList<Point2D.Double>();
    splineSupportPoints.add(new Point2D.Double(cx, cy));

    /* 
     * 6. The second point is determined by finding the center-of-mass of particles in the p/2 radian 
     * section of an annulus, r1 < r < 2r1, that is directed toward the angle with the highest number 
     * of particles within p/2 radians.
     * 7. This second point is then used as the center of the annulus for choosing the third point, and the process is repeated (6. & 7.).
     */

    /*
     * 6.1 Find all points in the annolous
     */

    /*
     * 6.2 Write each point in a coordinate system centered at the center of the sphere, calculate direction and
     * check if it in the allowed bounds
     */
    int nCircleSegments = 100;
    double deltaRad = 2 * Math.PI / nCircleSegments;
    boolean stop = false;
    int minN = 7;
    double tempr1 = r1;
    double allowedDeltaDirection = 0.5 * Math.PI;

    while (stop == false) {
        List<Point2D.Double> nearestr1 = null;
        List<Point2D.Double> nearest2xr1 = null;
        try {
            nearestr1 = kdtree
                    .nearestEuclidean(new double[] { splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x,
                            splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y }, tempr1);
            nearest2xr1 = kdtree
                    .nearestEuclidean(new double[] { splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x,
                            splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y }, 2 * tempr1);
        } catch (KeySizeException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        nearest2xr1.removeAll(nearestr1);

        double lThreshRad = 0;
        double hThreshRad = Math.PI / 2;
        double stopThresh = 2 * Math.PI;
        if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
            double directionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y,
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x)
                    + Math.PI;
            lThreshRad = directionInRad - allowedDeltaDirection / 2 - Math.PI / 4;
            if (lThreshRad < 0) {
                lThreshRad = 2 * Math.PI + lThreshRad;
            }
            if (lThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                lThreshRad = lThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            hThreshRad = directionInRad + allowedDeltaDirection / 2 + Math.PI / 4;
            if (hThreshRad < 0) {
                hThreshRad = 2 * Math.PI + hThreshRad;
            }
            if (hThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                hThreshRad = hThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            stopThresh = directionInRad + allowedDeltaDirection / 2 - Math.PI / 4;
            if (stopThresh > 2 * Math.PI) {
                stopThresh = stopThresh - 2 * Math.PI;
            }

        }

        double newCx = 0;
        double newCy = 0;
        int newCN = 0;
        int candN = 0;

        //Find center with highest density of points
        double lastDist = 0;
        double newDist = 0;
        do {
            lastDist = Math.min(Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh),
                    2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh));

            candN = 0;
            double candCx = 0;
            double candCy = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < nearest2xr1.size(); i++) {
                Point2D.Double centerOfCircle = splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1);
                Vector2d relativeToCircle = new Vector2d(nearest2xr1.get(i).x - centerOfCircle.x,
                        nearest2xr1.get(i).y - centerOfCircle.y);
                relativeToCircle.normalize();
                double angleInRadians = Math.atan2(relativeToCircle.y, relativeToCircle.x) + Math.PI;

                if (lThreshRad < hThreshRad) {
                    if (angleInRadians > lThreshRad && angleInRadians < hThreshRad) {
                        candCx += nearest2xr1.get(i).x;
                        candCy += nearest2xr1.get(i).y;
                        candN++;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (angleInRadians > lThreshRad || angleInRadians < hThreshRad) {
                        candCx += nearest2xr1.get(i).x;
                        candCy += nearest2xr1.get(i).y;
                        candN++;
                    }
                }

            }

            if (candN > 0 && candN > newCN) {
                candCx /= candN;
                candCy /= candN;
                newCx = candCx;
                newCy = candCy;
                newCN = candN;
            }
            lThreshRad += deltaRad;
            hThreshRad += deltaRad;
            if (lThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                lThreshRad = lThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            if (hThreshRad > 2 * Math.PI) {
                hThreshRad = hThreshRad - 2 * Math.PI;
            }
            newDist = Math.min(Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh),
                    2 * Math.PI - Math.abs(lThreshRad - stopThresh));

        } while ((newDist - lastDist) > 0);

        //Check if the new center is valid
        if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
            double currentDirectionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y,
                    splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                            - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x)
                    + Math.PI;
            double candDirectionInRad = Math.atan2(
                    newCy - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y,
                    newCx - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x) + Math.PI;
            double dDir = Math.max(currentDirectionInRad, candDirectionInRad)
                    - Math.min(currentDirectionInRad, candDirectionInRad);
            if (dDir > 2 * Math.PI) {
                dDir = 2 * Math.PI - dDir;
            }
            if (dDir > allowedDeltaDirection) {

                stop = true;
            }
        }
        boolean enoughPoints = (newCN < minN);
        boolean isNormalRadius = Math.abs(tempr1 - r1) < Math.pow(10, -18);
        boolean isExtendedRadius = Math.abs(tempr1 - 3 * r1) < Math.pow(10, -18);

        if (enoughPoints && isNormalRadius) {
            //Not enough points, extend search radius
            tempr1 = 3 * r1;
        } else if (enoughPoints && isExtendedRadius) {
            //Despite radius extension: Not enough points!
            stop = true;
        } else if (stop == false) {
            splineSupportPoints.add(new Point2D.Double(newCx, newCy));
            tempr1 = r1;
        }

    }

    //Sort
    Collections.sort(splineSupportPoints, new Comparator<Point2D.Double>() {

        public int compare(Point2D.Double o1, Point2D.Double o2) {
            if (o1.x < o2.x) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (o1.x > o2.x) {
                return 1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
    });

    //Add endpoints
    if (splineSupportPoints.size() > 1) {
        Vector2d start = new Vector2d(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x - splineSupportPoints.get(1).x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y - splineSupportPoints.get(1).y);
        start.normalize();
        start.scale(r1 * 8);
        splineSupportPoints.add(0, new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x + start.x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y + start.y));

        Vector2d end = new Vector2d(
                splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x
                        - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y
                        - splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 2).y);
        end.normalize();
        end.scale(r1 * 6);
        splineSupportPoints
                .add(new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x + end.x,
                        splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y + end.y));
    } else {
        Vector2d majordir = new Vector2d(-1, 0);
        majordir.normalize();
        majordir.scale(r1 * 8);
        splineSupportPoints.add(0, new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(0).x + majordir.x,
                splineSupportPoints.get(0).y + majordir.y));
        majordir.scale(-1);
        splineSupportPoints
                .add(new Point2D.Double(splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).x + majordir.x,
                        splineSupportPoints.get(splineSupportPoints.size() - 1).y + majordir.y));

    }

    //Interpolate spline
    double[] supX = new double[splineSupportPoints.size()];
    double[] supY = new double[splineSupportPoints.size()];
    for (int i = 0; i < splineSupportPoints.size(); i++) {
        supX[i] = splineSupportPoints.get(i).x;
        supY[i] = splineSupportPoints.get(i).y;
    }

    SplineInterpolator sIinter = new SplineInterpolator();
    spline = sIinter.interpolate(supX, supY);

    return spline;
}