Java - Thread Lock Fairness

Introduction

You can specify the fairness of a lock when creating the ReentrantLock class.

In a fair lock, threads acquire the lock in the order they request it.

In a non-fair lock, jumping ahead is allowed.

When requesting the same lock later, a later thread can get the lock before the waiting threads.

The tryLock() method of the ReentrantLock class always uses a non-fair lock.

You can create fair and non-fair locks as follows:

Lock nonFairLock1 = new ReentrantLock(); // A non-fair lock (Default is non-fair)
Lock nonFairLock2 = new ReentrantLock(false); // A non-fair lock
Lock fairLock2 = new ReentrantLock(true); // A fair lock

The following code uses unfair and fair lock to solve the dining-philosophers problem

Demo

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Main{
  public static void main(String[] argv) {
    Lock fork1 = new ReentrantLock(false);
    Lock fork2 = new ReentrantLock(true);
    Lock fork3 = new ReentrantLock(true);
    Lock fork4 = new ReentrantLock();
    Lock fork5 = new ReentrantLock(true);
    /*from ww w  .  ja  va2s  . c o m*/
    Philosopher p1 = new Philosopher(fork1, fork2, "P1");
    Philosopher p2 = new Philosopher(fork2, fork3, "P2");
    Philosopher p3 = new Philosopher(fork3, fork4, "P3");
    Philosopher p4 = new Philosopher(fork4, fork5, "P4");
    Philosopher p5 = new Philosopher(fork5, fork1, "P5");
    
    p1.eat();
    p1.think();
    
    p2.eat();
    p2.think();
    
    p3.eat();
    p3.think();
    
    p4.eat();
    p4.think();

    p5.eat();
    p5.think();
    
    
    p1.eat();
    p2.eat();
    p3.eat();
    p4.eat();
    p5.eat();
 
    p1.think();
    p2.think();
    p3.think();
    p4.think();
    p5.think();

  }
} 
class Philosopher {
  private Lock leftFork;
  private Lock rightFork;
  private String name; // Philosopher's name

  public Philosopher(Lock leftFork, Lock rightFork, String name) {
    this.leftFork = leftFork;
    this.rightFork = rightFork;
    this.name = name;
  }

  public void think() {
    System.out.println(name + " is thinking...");
  }

  public void eat() {
    // Try to get the left fork
    if (leftFork.tryLock()) {
      try {
        // try to get the right fork
        if (rightFork.tryLock()) {
          try {
            try {
            // Got both forks. Eat now
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(name + " is eating...");
       
              Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
            }
          } finally {
            // release the right fork
            rightFork.unlock();
          }
        }
      } finally {
        // release the left fork
        leftFork.unlock();
      }
    }
  }
}

Java - Thread Lock Fairness

Introduction

Demo

Result

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