org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceivePack.java Source code

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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2010, Google Inc.
 * and other copyright owners as documented in the project's IP log.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available
 * under the terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which
 * accompanies this distribution, is reproduced below, and is
 * available at http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 * conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *   with the distribution.
 *
 * - Neither the name of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc. nor the
 *   names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
 *   products derived from this software without specific prior
 *   written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

package org.eclipse.jgit.transport;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.HEAD;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_ATOMIC;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_DELETE_REFS;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_OFS_DELTA;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_PUSH_OPTIONS;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_QUIET;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_REPORT_STATUS;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.CAPABILITY_SIDE_BAND_64K;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_AGENT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.SideBandOutputStream.CH_DATA;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.SideBandOutputStream.CH_ERROR;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.SideBandOutputStream.CH_PROGRESS;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.transport.SideBandOutputStream.MAX_BUF;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.eclipse.jgit.annotations.Nullable;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.InvalidObjectIdException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.LargeObjectException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.PackProtocolException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.TooLargePackException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.UnpackException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.PackLock;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.submodule.SubmoduleValidator;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.submodule.SubmoduleValidator.SubmoduleValidationException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.transport.parser.FirstCommand;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.AnyObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.BatchRefUpdate;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ConfigConstants;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.GitmoduleEntry;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.NullProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectDatabase;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectInserter;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectLoader;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.PersonIdent;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ProgressMonitor;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Ref;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevObject;
import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevWalk;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.PacketLineIn.InputOverLimitIOException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceiveCommand.Result;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RefAdvertiser.PacketLineOutRefAdvertiser;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.internal.ConnectivityChecker.ConnectivityCheckInfo;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.internal.ConnectivityChecker;
import org.eclipse.jgit.transport.internal.FullConnectivityChecker;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.InterruptTimer;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.LimitedInputStream;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.TimeoutInputStream;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.TimeoutOutputStream;

/**
 * Implements the server side of a push connection, receiving objects.
 */
public class ReceivePack {
    /**
     * Data in the first line of a request, the line itself plus capabilities.
     *
     * @deprecated Use {@link FirstCommand} instead.
     * @since 5.6
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static class FirstLine {
        private final FirstCommand command;

        /**
         * Parse the first line of a receive-pack request.
         *
         * @param line
         *            line from the client.
         */
        public FirstLine(String line) {
            command = FirstCommand.fromLine(line);
        }

        /** @return non-capabilities part of the line. */
        public String getLine() {
            return command.getLine();
        }

        /** @return capabilities parsed from the line. */
        public Set<String> getCapabilities() {
            return command.getCapabilities();
        }
    }

    /** Database we write the stored objects into. */
    private final Repository db;

    /** Revision traversal support over {@link #db}. */
    private final RevWalk walk;

    /**
     * Is the client connection a bi-directional socket or pipe?
     * <p>
     * If true, this class assumes it can perform multiple read and write cycles
     * with the client over the input and output streams. This matches the
     * functionality available with a standard TCP/IP connection, or a local
     * operating system or in-memory pipe.
     * <p>
     * If false, this class runs in a read everything then output results mode,
     * making it suitable for single round-trip systems RPCs such as HTTP.
     */
    private boolean biDirectionalPipe = true;

    /** Expecting data after the pack footer */
    private boolean expectDataAfterPackFooter;

    /** Should an incoming transfer validate objects? */
    private ObjectChecker objectChecker;

    /** Should an incoming transfer permit create requests? */
    private boolean allowCreates;

    /** Should an incoming transfer permit delete requests? */
    private boolean allowAnyDeletes;

    private boolean allowBranchDeletes;

    /** Should an incoming transfer permit non-fast-forward requests? */
    private boolean allowNonFastForwards;

    /** Should an incoming transfer permit push options? **/
    private boolean allowPushOptions;

    /**
     * Should the requested ref updates be performed as a single atomic
     * transaction?
     */
    private boolean atomic;

    private boolean allowOfsDelta;

    private boolean allowQuiet = true;

    /** Identity to record action as within the reflog. */
    private PersonIdent refLogIdent;

    /** Hook used while advertising the refs to the client. */
    private AdvertiseRefsHook advertiseRefsHook;

    /** Filter used while advertising the refs to the client. */
    private RefFilter refFilter;

    /** Timeout in seconds to wait for client interaction. */
    private int timeout;

    /** Timer to manage {@link #timeout}. */
    private InterruptTimer timer;

    private TimeoutInputStream timeoutIn;

    // Original stream passed to init(), since rawOut may be wrapped in a
    // sideband.
    private OutputStream origOut;

    /** Raw input stream. */
    private InputStream rawIn;

    /** Raw output stream. */
    private OutputStream rawOut;

    /** Optional message output stream. */
    private OutputStream msgOut;

    private SideBandOutputStream errOut;

    /** Packet line input stream around {@link #rawIn}. */
    private PacketLineIn pckIn;

    /** Packet line output stream around {@link #rawOut}. */
    private PacketLineOut pckOut;

    private final MessageOutputWrapper msgOutWrapper = new MessageOutputWrapper();

    private PackParser parser;

    /** The refs we advertised as existing at the start of the connection. */
    private Map<String, Ref> refs;

    /** All SHA-1s shown to the client, which can be possible edges. */
    private Set<ObjectId> advertisedHaves;

    /** Capabilities requested by the client. */
    private Set<String> enabledCapabilities;

    String userAgent;

    private Set<ObjectId> clientShallowCommits;

    private List<ReceiveCommand> commands;

    private long maxCommandBytes;

    private long maxDiscardBytes;

    private StringBuilder advertiseError;

    /**
     * If {@link BasePackPushConnection#CAPABILITY_SIDE_BAND_64K} is enabled.
     */
    private boolean sideBand;

    private boolean quiet;

    /** Lock around the received pack file, while updating refs. */
    private PackLock packLock;

    private boolean checkReferencedAreReachable;

    /** Git object size limit */
    private long maxObjectSizeLimit;

    /** Total pack size limit */
    private long maxPackSizeLimit = -1;

    /** The size of the received pack, including index size */
    private Long packSize;

    private PushCertificateParser pushCertificateParser;

    private SignedPushConfig signedPushConfig;

    private PushCertificate pushCert;

    private ReceivedPackStatistics stats;

    /**
     * Connectivity checker to use.
     * @since 5.7
     */
    protected ConnectivityChecker connectivityChecker = new FullConnectivityChecker();

    /** Hook to validate the update commands before execution. */
    private PreReceiveHook preReceive;

    private ReceiveCommandErrorHandler receiveCommandErrorHandler = new ReceiveCommandErrorHandler() {
        // Use the default implementation.
    };

    private UnpackErrorHandler unpackErrorHandler = new DefaultUnpackErrorHandler();

    /** Hook to report on the commands after execution. */
    private PostReceiveHook postReceive;

    /** If {@link BasePackPushConnection#CAPABILITY_REPORT_STATUS} is enabled. */
    private boolean reportStatus;

    /** Whether the client intends to use push options. */
    private boolean usePushOptions;
    private List<String> pushOptions;

    /**
     * Create a new pack receive for an open repository.
     *
     * @param into
     *            the destination repository.
     */
    public ReceivePack(Repository into) {
        db = into;
        walk = new RevWalk(db);
        walk.setRetainBody(false);

        TransferConfig tc = db.getConfig().get(TransferConfig.KEY);
        objectChecker = tc.newReceiveObjectChecker();

        ReceiveConfig rc = db.getConfig().get(ReceiveConfig::new);
        allowCreates = rc.allowCreates;
        allowAnyDeletes = true;
        allowBranchDeletes = rc.allowDeletes;
        allowNonFastForwards = rc.allowNonFastForwards;
        allowOfsDelta = rc.allowOfsDelta;
        allowPushOptions = rc.allowPushOptions;
        maxCommandBytes = rc.maxCommandBytes;
        maxDiscardBytes = rc.maxDiscardBytes;
        advertiseRefsHook = AdvertiseRefsHook.DEFAULT;
        refFilter = RefFilter.DEFAULT;
        advertisedHaves = new HashSet<>();
        clientShallowCommits = new HashSet<>();
        signedPushConfig = rc.signedPush;
        preReceive = PreReceiveHook.NULL;
        postReceive = PostReceiveHook.NULL;
    }

    /** Configuration for receive operations. */
    private static class ReceiveConfig {
        final boolean allowCreates;

        final boolean allowDeletes;

        final boolean allowNonFastForwards;

        final boolean allowOfsDelta;

        final boolean allowPushOptions;

        final long maxCommandBytes;

        final long maxDiscardBytes;

        final SignedPushConfig signedPush;

        ReceiveConfig(Config config) {
            allowCreates = true;
            allowDeletes = !config.getBoolean("receive", "denydeletes", false); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
            allowNonFastForwards = !config.getBoolean("receive", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    "denynonfastforwards", false); //$NON-NLS-1$
            allowOfsDelta = config.getBoolean("repack", "usedeltabaseoffset", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
                    true);
            allowPushOptions = config.getBoolean("receive", "pushoptions", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
                    false);
            maxCommandBytes = config.getLong("receive", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    "maxCommandBytes", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    3 << 20);
            maxDiscardBytes = config.getLong("receive", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    "maxCommandDiscardBytes", //$NON-NLS-1$
                    -1);
            signedPush = SignedPushConfig.KEY.parse(config);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Output stream that wraps the current {@link #msgOut}.
     * <p>
     * We don't want to expose {@link #msgOut} directly because it can change
     * several times over the course of a session.
     */
    class MessageOutputWrapper extends OutputStream {
        @Override
        public void write(int ch) {
            if (msgOut != null) {
                try {
                    msgOut.write(ch);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore write failures.
                }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
            if (msgOut != null) {
                try {
                    msgOut.write(b, off, len);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore write failures.
                }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void write(byte[] b) {
            write(b, 0, b.length);
        }

        @Override
        public void flush() {
            if (msgOut != null) {
                try {
                    msgOut.flush();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore write failures.
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the repository this receive completes into.
     *
     * @return the repository this receive completes into.
     */
    public Repository getRepository() {
        return db;
    }

    /**
     * Get the RevWalk instance used by this connection.
     *
     * @return the RevWalk instance used by this connection.
     */
    public RevWalk getRevWalk() {
        return walk;
    }

    /**
     * Get refs which were advertised to the client.
     *
     * @return all refs which were advertised to the client, or null if
     *         {@link #setAdvertisedRefs(Map, Set)} has not been called yet.
     */
    public Map<String, Ref> getAdvertisedRefs() {
        return refs;
    }

    /**
     * Set the refs advertised by this ReceivePack.
     * <p>
     * Intended to be called from a
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.PreReceiveHook}.
     *
     * @param allRefs
     *            explicit set of references to claim as advertised by this
     *            ReceivePack instance. This overrides any references that may
     *            exist in the source repository. The map is passed to the
     *            configured {@link #getRefFilter()}. If null, assumes all refs
     *            were advertised.
     * @param additionalHaves
     *            explicit set of additional haves to claim as advertised. If
     *            null, assumes the default set of additional haves from the
     *            repository.
     */
    public void setAdvertisedRefs(Map<String, Ref> allRefs, Set<ObjectId> additionalHaves) {
        refs = allRefs != null ? allRefs : db.getAllRefs();
        refs = refFilter.filter(refs);
        advertisedHaves.clear();

        Ref head = refs.get(HEAD);
        if (head != null && head.isSymbolic()) {
            refs.remove(HEAD);
        }

        for (Ref ref : refs.values()) {
            if (ref.getObjectId() != null) {
                advertisedHaves.add(ref.getObjectId());
            }
        }
        if (additionalHaves != null) {
            advertisedHaves.addAll(additionalHaves);
        } else {
            advertisedHaves.addAll(db.getAdditionalHaves());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get objects advertised to the client.
     *
     * @return the set of objects advertised to the as present in this
     *         repository, or null if {@link #setAdvertisedRefs(Map, Set)} has
     *         not been called yet.
     */
    public final Set<ObjectId> getAdvertisedObjects() {
        return advertisedHaves;
    }

    /**
     * Whether this instance will validate all referenced, but not supplied by
     * the client, objects are reachable from another reference.
     *
     * @return true if this instance will validate all referenced, but not
     *         supplied by the client, objects are reachable from another
     *         reference.
     */
    public boolean isCheckReferencedObjectsAreReachable() {
        return checkReferencedAreReachable;
    }

    /**
     * Validate all referenced but not supplied objects are reachable.
     * <p>
     * If enabled, this instance will verify that references to objects not
     * contained within the received pack are already reachable through at least
     * one other reference displayed as part of {@link #getAdvertisedRefs()}.
     * <p>
     * This feature is useful when the application doesn't trust the client to
     * not provide a forged SHA-1 reference to an object, in an attempt to
     * access parts of the DAG that they aren't allowed to see and which have
     * been hidden from them via the configured
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.AdvertiseRefsHook} or
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RefFilter}.
     * <p>
     * Enabling this feature may imply at least some, if not all, of the same
     * functionality performed by {@link #setCheckReceivedObjects(boolean)}.
     * Applications are encouraged to enable both features, if desired.
     *
     * @param b
     *            {@code true} to enable the additional check.
     */
    public void setCheckReferencedObjectsAreReachable(boolean b) {
        this.checkReferencedAreReachable = b;
    }

    /**
     * Whether this class expects a bi-directional pipe opened between the
     * client and itself.
     *
     * @return true if this class expects a bi-directional pipe opened between
     *         the client and itself. The default is true.
     */
    public boolean isBiDirectionalPipe() {
        return biDirectionalPipe;
    }

    /**
     * Whether this class will assume the socket is a fully bidirectional pipe
     * between the two peers and takes advantage of that by first transmitting
     * the known refs, then waiting to read commands.
     *
     * @param twoWay
     *            if true, this class will assume the socket is a fully
     *            bidirectional pipe between the two peers and takes advantage
     *            of that by first transmitting the known refs, then waiting to
     *            read commands. If false, this class assumes it must read the
     *            commands before writing output and does not perform the
     *            initial advertising.
     */
    public void setBiDirectionalPipe(boolean twoWay) {
        biDirectionalPipe = twoWay;
    }

    /**
     * Whether there is data expected after the pack footer.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if there is data expected after the pack footer.
     */
    public boolean isExpectDataAfterPackFooter() {
        return expectDataAfterPackFooter;
    }

    /**
     * Whether there is additional data in InputStream after pack.
     *
     * @param e
     *            {@code true} if there is additional data in InputStream after
     *            pack.
     */
    public void setExpectDataAfterPackFooter(boolean e) {
        expectDataAfterPackFooter = e;
    }

    /**
     * Whether this instance will verify received objects are formatted
     * correctly.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this instance will verify received objects are
     *         formatted correctly. Validating objects requires more CPU time on
     *         this side of the connection.
     */
    public boolean isCheckReceivedObjects() {
        return objectChecker != null;
    }

    /**
     * Whether to enable checking received objects
     *
     * @param check
     *            {@code true} to enable checking received objects; false to
     *            assume all received objects are valid.
     * @see #setObjectChecker(ObjectChecker)
     */
    public void setCheckReceivedObjects(boolean check) {
        if (check && objectChecker == null)
            setObjectChecker(new ObjectChecker());
        else if (!check && objectChecker != null)
            setObjectChecker(null);
    }

    /**
     * Set the object checking instance to verify each received object with
     *
     * @param impl
     *            if non-null the object checking instance to verify each
     *            received object with; null to disable object checking.
     * @since 3.4
     */
    public void setObjectChecker(ObjectChecker impl) {
        objectChecker = impl;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the client can request refs to be created.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the client can request refs to be created.
     */
    public boolean isAllowCreates() {
        return allowCreates;
    }

    /**
     * Whether to permit create ref commands to be processed.
     *
     * @param canCreate
     *            {@code true} to permit create ref commands to be processed.
     */
    public void setAllowCreates(boolean canCreate) {
        allowCreates = canCreate;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the client can request refs to be deleted.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the client can request refs to be deleted.
     */
    public boolean isAllowDeletes() {
        return allowAnyDeletes;
    }

    /**
     * Whether to permit delete ref commands to be processed.
     *
     * @param canDelete
     *            {@code true} to permit delete ref commands to be processed.
     */
    public void setAllowDeletes(boolean canDelete) {
        allowAnyDeletes = canDelete;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the client can delete from {@code refs/heads/}.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the client can delete from {@code refs/heads/}.
     * @since 3.6
     */
    public boolean isAllowBranchDeletes() {
        return allowBranchDeletes;
    }

    /**
     * Configure whether to permit deletion of branches from the
     * {@code refs/heads/} namespace.
     *
     * @param canDelete
     *            {@code true} to permit deletion of branches from the
     *            {@code refs/heads/} namespace.
     * @since 3.6
     */
    public void setAllowBranchDeletes(boolean canDelete) {
        allowBranchDeletes = canDelete;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the client can request non-fast-forward updates of a ref,
     * possibly making objects unreachable.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the client can request non-fast-forward updates
     *         of a ref, possibly making objects unreachable.
     */
    public boolean isAllowNonFastForwards() {
        return allowNonFastForwards;
    }

    /**
     * Configure whether to permit the client to ask for non-fast-forward
     * updates of an existing ref.
     *
     * @param canRewind
     *            {@code true} to permit the client to ask for non-fast-forward
     *            updates of an existing ref.
     */
    public void setAllowNonFastForwards(boolean canRewind) {
        allowNonFastForwards = canRewind;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the client's commands should be performed as a single atomic
     * transaction.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the client's commands should be performed as a
     *         single atomic transaction.
     * @since 4.4
     */
    public boolean isAtomic() {
        return atomic;
    }

    /**
     * Configure whether to perform the client's commands as a single atomic
     * transaction.
     *
     * @param atomic
     *            {@code true} to perform the client's commands as a single
     *            atomic transaction.
     * @since 4.4
     */
    public void setAtomic(boolean atomic) {
        this.atomic = atomic;
    }

    /**
     * Get identity of the user making the changes in the reflog.
     *
     * @return identity of the user making the changes in the reflog.
     */
    public PersonIdent getRefLogIdent() {
        return refLogIdent;
    }

    /**
     * Set the identity of the user appearing in the affected reflogs.
     * <p>
     * The timestamp portion of the identity is ignored. A new identity with the
     * current timestamp will be created automatically when the updates occur
     * and the log records are written.
     *
     * @param pi
     *            identity of the user. If null the identity will be
     *            automatically determined based on the repository
     *            configuration.
     */
    public void setRefLogIdent(PersonIdent pi) {
        refLogIdent = pi;
    }

    /**
     * Get the hook used while advertising the refs to the client
     *
     * @return the hook used while advertising the refs to the client
     */
    public AdvertiseRefsHook getAdvertiseRefsHook() {
        return advertiseRefsHook;
    }

    /**
     * Get the filter used while advertising the refs to the client
     *
     * @return the filter used while advertising the refs to the client
     */
    public RefFilter getRefFilter() {
        return refFilter;
    }

    /**
     * Set the hook used while advertising the refs to the client.
     * <p>
     * If the {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.AdvertiseRefsHook} chooses to
     * call {@link #setAdvertisedRefs(Map,Set)}, only refs set by this hook
     * <em>and</em> selected by the {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RefFilter}
     * will be shown to the client. Clients may still attempt to create or
     * update a reference not advertised by the configured
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.AdvertiseRefsHook}. These attempts
     * should be rejected by a matching
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.PreReceiveHook}.
     *
     * @param advertiseRefsHook
     *            the hook; may be null to show all refs.
     */
    public void setAdvertiseRefsHook(AdvertiseRefsHook advertiseRefsHook) {
        if (advertiseRefsHook != null)
            this.advertiseRefsHook = advertiseRefsHook;
        else
            this.advertiseRefsHook = AdvertiseRefsHook.DEFAULT;
    }

    /**
     * Set the filter used while advertising the refs to the client.
     * <p>
     * Only refs allowed by this filter will be shown to the client. The filter
     * is run against the refs specified by the
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.AdvertiseRefsHook} (if applicable).
     *
     * @param refFilter
     *            the filter; may be null to show all refs.
     */
    public void setRefFilter(RefFilter refFilter) {
        this.refFilter = refFilter != null ? refFilter : RefFilter.DEFAULT;
    }

    /**
     * Get timeout (in seconds) before aborting an IO operation.
     *
     * @return timeout (in seconds) before aborting an IO operation.
     */
    public int getTimeout() {
        return timeout;
    }

    /**
     * Set the timeout before willing to abort an IO call.
     *
     * @param seconds
     *            number of seconds to wait (with no data transfer occurring)
     *            before aborting an IO read or write operation with the
     *            connected client.
     */
    public void setTimeout(int seconds) {
        timeout = seconds;
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum number of command bytes to read from the client.
     *
     * @param limit
     *            command limit in bytes; if 0 there is no limit.
     * @since 4.7
     */
    public void setMaxCommandBytes(long limit) {
        maxCommandBytes = limit;
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum number of command bytes to discard from the client.
     * <p>
     * Discarding remaining bytes allows this instance to consume the rest of
     * the command block and send a human readable over-limit error via the
     * side-band channel. If the client sends an excessive number of bytes this
     * limit kicks in and the instance disconnects, resulting in a non-specific
     * 'pipe closed', 'end of stream', or similar generic error at the client.
     * <p>
     * When the limit is set to {@code -1} the implementation will default to
     * the larger of {@code 3 * maxCommandBytes} or {@code 3 MiB}.
     *
     * @param limit
     *            discard limit in bytes; if 0 there is no limit; if -1 the
     *            implementation tries to set a reasonable default.
     * @since 4.7
     */
    public void setMaxCommandDiscardBytes(long limit) {
        maxDiscardBytes = limit;
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum allowed Git object size.
     * <p>
     * If an object is larger than the given size the pack-parsing will throw an
     * exception aborting the receive-pack operation.
     *
     * @param limit
     *            the Git object size limit. If zero then there is not limit.
     */
    public void setMaxObjectSizeLimit(long limit) {
        maxObjectSizeLimit = limit;
    }

    /**
     * Set the maximum allowed pack size.
     * <p>
     * A pack exceeding this size will be rejected.
     *
     * @param limit
     *            the pack size limit, in bytes
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public void setMaxPackSizeLimit(long limit) {
        if (limit < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().receivePackInvalidLimit, Long.valueOf(limit)));
        maxPackSizeLimit = limit;
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the client expects a side-band stream.
     *
     * @return true if the client has advertised a side-band capability, false
     *         otherwise.
     * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RequestNotYetReadException
     *             if the client's request has not yet been read from the wire,
     *             so we do not know if they expect side-band. Note that the
     *             client may have already written the request, it just has not
     *             been read.
     */
    public boolean isSideBand() throws RequestNotYetReadException {
        checkRequestWasRead();
        return enabledCapabilities.contains(CAPABILITY_SIDE_BAND_64K);
    }

    /**
     * Whether clients may request avoiding noisy progress messages.
     *
     * @return true if clients may request avoiding noisy progress messages.
     * @since 4.0
     */
    public boolean isAllowQuiet() {
        return allowQuiet;
    }

    /**
     * Configure if clients may request the server skip noisy messages.
     *
     * @param allow
     *            true to allow clients to request quiet behavior; false to
     *            refuse quiet behavior and send messages anyway. This may be
     *            necessary if processing is slow and the client-server network
     *            connection can timeout.
     * @since 4.0
     */
    public void setAllowQuiet(boolean allow) {
        allowQuiet = allow;
    }

    /**
     * Whether the server supports receiving push options.
     *
     * @return true if the server supports receiving push options.
     * @since 4.5
     */
    public boolean isAllowPushOptions() {
        return allowPushOptions;
    }

    /**
     * Configure if the server supports receiving push options.
     *
     * @param allow
     *            true to optionally accept option strings from the client.
     * @since 4.5
     */
    public void setAllowPushOptions(boolean allow) {
        allowPushOptions = allow;
    }

    /**
     * True if the client wants less verbose output.
     *
     * @return true if the client has requested the server to be less verbose.
     * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.transport.RequestNotYetReadException
     *             if the client's request has not yet been read from the wire,
     *             so we do not know if they expect side-band. Note that the
     *             client may have already written the request, it just has not
     *             been read.
     * @since 4.0
     */
    public boolean isQuiet() throws RequestNotYetReadException {
        checkRequestWasRead();
        return quiet;
    }

    /**
     * Set the configuration for push certificate verification.
     *
     * @param cfg
     *            new configuration; if this object is null or its
     *            {@link SignedPushConfig#getCertNonceSeed()} is null, push
     *            certificate verification will be disabled.
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public void setSignedPushConfig(SignedPushConfig cfg) {
        signedPushConfig = cfg;
    }

    private PushCertificateParser getPushCertificateParser() {
        if (pushCertificateParser == null) {
            pushCertificateParser = new PushCertificateParser(db, signedPushConfig);
        }
        return pushCertificateParser;
    }

    /**
     * Get the user agent of the client.
     * <p>
     * If the client is new enough to use {@code agent=} capability that value
     * will be returned. Older HTTP clients may also supply their version using
     * the HTTP {@code User-Agent} header. The capability overrides the HTTP
     * header if both are available.
     * <p>
     * When an HTTP request has been received this method returns the HTTP
     * {@code User-Agent} header value until capabilities have been parsed.
     *
     * @return user agent supplied by the client. Available only if the client
     *         is new enough to advertise its user agent.
     * @since 4.0
     */
    public String getPeerUserAgent() {
        return UserAgent.getAgent(enabledCapabilities, userAgent);
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the command received by the current request.
     *
     * @return all of the command received by the current request.
     */
    public List<ReceiveCommand> getAllCommands() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(commands);
    }

    /**
     * Set an error handler for {@link ReceiveCommand}.
     *
     * @param receiveCommandErrorHandler
     * @since 5.7
     */
    public void setReceiveCommandErrorHandler(ReceiveCommandErrorHandler receiveCommandErrorHandler) {
        this.receiveCommandErrorHandler = receiveCommandErrorHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Send an error message to the client.
     * <p>
     * If any error messages are sent before the references are advertised to
     * the client, the errors will be sent instead of the advertisement and the
     * receive operation will be aborted. All clients should receive and display
     * such early stage errors.
     * <p>
     * If the reference advertisements have already been sent, messages are sent
     * in a side channel. If the client doesn't support receiving messages, the
     * message will be discarded, with no other indication to the caller or to
     * the client.
     * <p>
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.PreReceiveHook}s should always try to
     * use
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceiveCommand#setResult(Result, String)}
     * with a result status of
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceiveCommand.Result#REJECTED_OTHER_REASON}
     * to indicate any reasons for rejecting an update. Messages attached to a
     * command are much more likely to be returned to the client.
     *
     * @param what
     *            string describing the problem identified by the hook. The
     *            string must not end with an LF, and must not contain an LF.
     */
    public void sendError(String what) {
        if (refs == null) {
            if (advertiseError == null)
                advertiseError = new StringBuilder();
            advertiseError.append(what).append('\n');
        } else {
            msgOutWrapper.write(Constants.encode("error: " + what + "\n")); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
        }
    }

    private void fatalError(String msg) {
        if (errOut != null) {
            try {
                errOut.write(Constants.encode(msg));
                errOut.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Ignore write failures
            }
        } else {
            sendError(msg);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Send a message to the client, if it supports receiving them.
     * <p>
     * If the client doesn't support receiving messages, the message will be
     * discarded, with no other indication to the caller or to the client.
     *
     * @param what
     *            string describing the problem identified by the hook. The
     *            string must not end with an LF, and must not contain an LF.
     */
    public void sendMessage(String what) {
        msgOutWrapper.write(Constants.encode(what + "\n")); //$NON-NLS-1$
    }

    /**
     * Get an underlying stream for sending messages to the client.
     *
     * @return an underlying stream for sending messages to the client.
     */
    public OutputStream getMessageOutputStream() {
        return msgOutWrapper;
    }

    /**
     * Get whether or not a pack has been received.
     *
     * This can be called before calling {@link #getPackSize()} to avoid causing
     * {@code IllegalStateException} when the pack size was not set because no
     * pack was received.
     *
     * @return true if a pack has been received.
     * @since 5.6
     */
    public boolean hasReceivedPack() {
        return packSize != null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the size of the received pack file including the index size.
     *
     * This can only be called if the pack is already received.
     *
     * @return the size of the received pack including index size
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException
     *             if called before the pack has been received
     * @since 3.3
     */
    public long getPackSize() {
        if (packSize != null)
            return packSize.longValue();
        throw new IllegalStateException(JGitText.get().packSizeNotSetYet);
    }

    /**
     * Get the commits from the client's shallow file.
     *
     * @return if the client is a shallow repository, the list of edge commits
     *         that define the client's shallow boundary. Empty set if the
     *         client is earlier than Git 1.9, or is a full clone.
     */
    private Set<ObjectId> getClientShallowCommits() {
        return clientShallowCommits;
    }

    /**
     * Whether any commands to be executed have been read.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if any commands to be executed have been read.
     */
    private boolean hasCommands() {
        return !commands.isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Whether an error occurred that should be advertised.
     *
     * @return true if an error occurred that should be advertised.
     */
    private boolean hasError() {
        return advertiseError != null;
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the instance with the given streams.
     *
     * Visible for out-of-tree subclasses (e.g. tests that need to set the
     * streams without going through the {@link #service()} method).
     *
     * @param input
     *            raw input to read client commands and pack data from. Caller
     *            must ensure the input is buffered, otherwise read performance
     *            may suffer.
     * @param output
     *            response back to the Git network client. Caller must ensure
     *            the output is buffered, otherwise write performance may
     *            suffer.
     * @param messages
     *            secondary "notice" channel to send additional messages out
     *            through. When run over SSH this should be tied back to the
     *            standard error channel of the command execution. For most
     *            other network connections this should be null.
     */
    protected void init(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output, final OutputStream messages) {
        origOut = output;
        rawIn = input;
        rawOut = output;
        msgOut = messages;

        if (timeout > 0) {
            final Thread caller = Thread.currentThread();
            timer = new InterruptTimer(caller.getName() + "-Timer"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            timeoutIn = new TimeoutInputStream(rawIn, timer);
            TimeoutOutputStream o = new TimeoutOutputStream(rawOut, timer);
            timeoutIn.setTimeout(timeout * 1000);
            o.setTimeout(timeout * 1000);
            rawIn = timeoutIn;
            rawOut = o;
        }

        pckIn = new PacketLineIn(rawIn);
        pckOut = new PacketLineOut(rawOut);
        pckOut.setFlushOnEnd(false);

        enabledCapabilities = new HashSet<>();
        commands = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    /**
     * Get advertised refs, or the default if not explicitly advertised.
     *
     * @return advertised refs, or the default if not explicitly advertised.
     */
    private Map<String, Ref> getAdvertisedOrDefaultRefs() {
        if (refs == null)
            setAdvertisedRefs(null, null);
        return refs;
    }

    /**
     * Receive a pack from the stream and check connectivity if necessary.
     *
     * Visible for out-of-tree subclasses. Subclasses overriding this method
     * should invoke this implementation, as it alters the instance state (e.g.
     * it reads the pack from the input and parses it before running the
     * connectivity checks).
     *
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     *             an error occurred during unpacking or connectivity checking.
     * @throws LargeObjectException
     *             an large object needs to be opened for the check.
     * @throws SubmoduleValidationException
     *             fails to validate the submodule.
     */
    protected void receivePackAndCheckConnectivity()
            throws IOException, LargeObjectException, SubmoduleValidationException {
        receivePack();
        if (needCheckConnectivity()) {
            checkSubmodules();
            checkConnectivity();
        }
        parser = null;
    }

    /**
     * Unlock the pack written by this object.
     *
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     *             the pack could not be unlocked.
     */
    private void unlockPack() throws IOException {
        if (packLock != null) {
            packLock.unlock();
            packLock = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Generate an advertisement of available refs and capabilities.
     *
     * @param adv
     *            the advertisement formatter.
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     *             the formatter failed to write an advertisement.
     * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ServiceMayNotContinueException
     *             the hook denied advertisement.
     */
    public void sendAdvertisedRefs(RefAdvertiser adv) throws IOException, ServiceMayNotContinueException {
        if (advertiseError != null) {
            adv.writeOne("ERR " + advertiseError); //$NON-NLS-1$
            return;
        }

        try {
            advertiseRefsHook.advertiseRefs(this);
        } catch (ServiceMayNotContinueException fail) {
            if (fail.getMessage() != null) {
                adv.writeOne("ERR " + fail.getMessage()); //$NON-NLS-1$
                fail.setOutput();
            }
            throw fail;
        }

        adv.init(db);
        adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_SIDE_BAND_64K);
        adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_DELETE_REFS);
        adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_REPORT_STATUS);
        if (allowQuiet)
            adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_QUIET);
        String nonce = getPushCertificateParser().getAdvertiseNonce();
        if (nonce != null) {
            adv.advertiseCapability(nonce);
        }
        if (db.getRefDatabase().performsAtomicTransactions())
            adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_ATOMIC);
        if (allowOfsDelta)
            adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_OFS_DELTA);
        if (allowPushOptions) {
            adv.advertiseCapability(CAPABILITY_PUSH_OPTIONS);
        }
        adv.advertiseCapability(OPTION_AGENT, UserAgent.get());
        adv.send(getAdvertisedOrDefaultRefs().values());
        for (ObjectId obj : advertisedHaves)
            adv.advertiseHave(obj);
        if (adv.isEmpty())
            adv.advertiseId(ObjectId.zeroId(), "capabilities^{}"); //$NON-NLS-1$
        adv.end();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the statistics on the received pack if available. This should be
     * called after {@link #receivePack} is called.
     *
     * @return ReceivedPackStatistics
     * @since 4.6
     */
    @Nullable
    public ReceivedPackStatistics getReceivedPackStatistics() {
        return stats;
    }

    /**
     * Receive a list of commands from the input.
     *
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    private void recvCommands() throws IOException {
        PacketLineIn pck = maxCommandBytes > 0 ? new PacketLineIn(rawIn, maxCommandBytes) : pckIn;
        PushCertificateParser certParser = getPushCertificateParser();
        boolean firstPkt = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                String line;
                try {
                    line = pck.readString();
                } catch (EOFException eof) {
                    if (commands.isEmpty())
                        return;
                    throw eof;
                }
                if (PacketLineIn.isEnd(line)) {
                    break;
                }

                if (line.length() >= 48 && line.startsWith("shallow ")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
                    parseShallow(line.substring(8, 48));
                    continue;
                }

                if (firstPkt) {
                    firstPkt = false;
                    FirstCommand firstLine = FirstCommand.fromLine(line);
                    enabledCapabilities = firstLine.getCapabilities();
                    line = firstLine.getLine();
                    enableCapabilities();

                    if (line.equals(GitProtocolConstants.OPTION_PUSH_CERT)) {
                        certParser.receiveHeader(pck, !isBiDirectionalPipe());
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (line.equals(PushCertificateParser.BEGIN_SIGNATURE)) {
                    certParser.receiveSignature(pck);
                    continue;
                }

                ReceiveCommand cmd = parseCommand(line);
                if (cmd.getRefName().equals(Constants.HEAD)) {
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_CURRENT_BRANCH);
                } else {
                    cmd.setRef(refs.get(cmd.getRefName()));
                }
                commands.add(cmd);
                if (certParser.enabled()) {
                    certParser.addCommand(cmd);
                }
            }
            pushCert = certParser.build();
            if (hasCommands()) {
                readPostCommands(pck);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            discardCommands();
            throw t;
        }
    }

    private void discardCommands() {
        if (sideBand) {
            long max = maxDiscardBytes;
            if (max < 0) {
                max = Math.max(3 * maxCommandBytes, 3L << 20);
            }
            try {
                new PacketLineIn(rawIn, max).discardUntilEnd();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Ignore read failures attempting to discard.
            }
        }
    }

    private void parseShallow(String idStr) throws PackProtocolException {
        ObjectId id;
        try {
            id = ObjectId.fromString(idStr);
        } catch (InvalidObjectIdException e) {
            throw new PackProtocolException(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        clientShallowCommits.add(id);
    }

    /**
     * @param in
     *            request stream.
     * @throws IOException
     *             request line cannot be read.
     */
    void readPostCommands(PacketLineIn in) throws IOException {
        if (usePushOptions) {
            pushOptions = new ArrayList<>(4);
            for (;;) {
                String option = in.readString();
                if (PacketLineIn.isEnd(option)) {
                    break;
                }
                pushOptions.add(option);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Enable capabilities based on a previously read capabilities line.
     */
    private void enableCapabilities() {
        reportStatus = isCapabilityEnabled(CAPABILITY_REPORT_STATUS);
        usePushOptions = isCapabilityEnabled(CAPABILITY_PUSH_OPTIONS);
        sideBand = isCapabilityEnabled(CAPABILITY_SIDE_BAND_64K);
        quiet = allowQuiet && isCapabilityEnabled(CAPABILITY_QUIET);
        if (sideBand) {
            OutputStream out = rawOut;

            rawOut = new SideBandOutputStream(CH_DATA, MAX_BUF, out);
            msgOut = new SideBandOutputStream(CH_PROGRESS, MAX_BUF, out);
            errOut = new SideBandOutputStream(CH_ERROR, MAX_BUF, out);

            pckOut = new PacketLineOut(rawOut);
            pckOut.setFlushOnEnd(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if the peer requested a capability.
     *
     * @param name
     *            protocol name identifying the capability.
     * @return true if the peer requested the capability to be enabled.
     */
    private boolean isCapabilityEnabled(String name) {
        return enabledCapabilities.contains(name);
    }

    private void checkRequestWasRead() {
        if (enabledCapabilities == null)
            throw new RequestNotYetReadException();
    }

    /**
     * Whether a pack is expected based on the list of commands.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if a pack is expected based on the list of commands.
     */
    private boolean needPack() {
        for (ReceiveCommand cmd : commands) {
            if (cmd.getType() != ReceiveCommand.Type.DELETE)
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Receive a pack from the input and store it in the repository.
     *
     * @throws IOException
     *             an error occurred reading or indexing the pack.
     */
    private void receivePack() throws IOException {
        // It might take the client a while to pack the objects it needs
        // to send to us. We should increase our timeout so we don't
        // abort while the client is computing.
        //
        if (timeoutIn != null)
            timeoutIn.setTimeout(10 * timeout * 1000);

        ProgressMonitor receiving = NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;
        ProgressMonitor resolving = NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;
        if (sideBand && !quiet)
            resolving = new SideBandProgressMonitor(msgOut);

        try (ObjectInserter ins = db.newObjectInserter()) {
            String lockMsg = "jgit receive-pack"; //$NON-NLS-1$
            if (getRefLogIdent() != null)
                lockMsg += " from " + getRefLogIdent().toExternalString(); //$NON-NLS-1$

            parser = ins.newPackParser(packInputStream());
            parser.setAllowThin(true);
            parser.setNeedNewObjectIds(checkReferencedAreReachable);
            parser.setNeedBaseObjectIds(checkReferencedAreReachable);
            parser.setCheckEofAfterPackFooter(!biDirectionalPipe && !isExpectDataAfterPackFooter());
            parser.setExpectDataAfterPackFooter(isExpectDataAfterPackFooter());
            parser.setObjectChecker(objectChecker);
            parser.setLockMessage(lockMsg);
            parser.setMaxObjectSizeLimit(maxObjectSizeLimit);
            packLock = parser.parse(receiving, resolving);
            packSize = Long.valueOf(parser.getPackSize());
            stats = parser.getReceivedPackStatistics();
            ins.flush();
        }

        if (timeoutIn != null)
            timeoutIn.setTimeout(timeout * 1000);
    }

    private InputStream packInputStream() {
        InputStream packIn = rawIn;
        if (maxPackSizeLimit >= 0) {
            packIn = new LimitedInputStream(packIn, maxPackSizeLimit) {
                @Override
                protected void limitExceeded() throws TooLargePackException {
                    throw new TooLargePackException(limit);
                }
            };
        }
        return packIn;
    }

    private boolean needCheckConnectivity() {
        return isCheckReceivedObjects() || isCheckReferencedObjectsAreReachable()
                || !getClientShallowCommits().isEmpty();
    }

    private void checkSubmodules() throws IOException, LargeObjectException, SubmoduleValidationException {
        ObjectDatabase odb = db.getObjectDatabase();
        if (objectChecker == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (GitmoduleEntry entry : objectChecker.getGitsubmodules()) {
            AnyObjectId blobId = entry.getBlobId();
            ObjectLoader blob = odb.open(blobId, Constants.OBJ_BLOB);

            SubmoduleValidator.assertValidGitModulesFile(new String(blob.getBytes(), UTF_8));
        }
    }

    private void checkConnectivity() throws IOException {
        ProgressMonitor checking = NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;
        if (sideBand && !quiet) {
            SideBandProgressMonitor m = new SideBandProgressMonitor(msgOut);
            m.setDelayStart(750, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            checking = m;
        }

        connectivityChecker.checkConnectivity(createConnectivityCheckInfo(), advertisedHaves, checking);
    }

    private ConnectivityCheckInfo createConnectivityCheckInfo() {
        ConnectivityCheckInfo info = new ConnectivityCheckInfo();
        info.setCheckObjects(checkReferencedAreReachable);
        info.setCommands(getAllCommands());
        info.setRepository(db);
        info.setParser(parser);
        info.setWalk(walk);
        return info;
    }

    /**
     * Validate the command list.
     */
    private void validateCommands() {
        for (ReceiveCommand cmd : commands) {
            final Ref ref = cmd.getRef();
            if (cmd.getResult() != Result.NOT_ATTEMPTED)
                continue;

            if (cmd.getType() == ReceiveCommand.Type.DELETE) {
                if (!isAllowDeletes()) {
                    // Deletes are not supported on this repository.
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_NODELETE);
                    continue;
                }
                if (!isAllowBranchDeletes() && ref.getName().startsWith(Constants.R_HEADS)) {
                    // Branches cannot be deleted, but other refs can.
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_NODELETE);
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (cmd.getType() == ReceiveCommand.Type.CREATE) {
                if (!isAllowCreates()) {
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_NOCREATE);
                    continue;
                }

                if (ref != null && !isAllowNonFastForwards()) {
                    // Creation over an existing ref is certainly not going
                    // to be a fast-forward update. We can reject it early.
                    //
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_NONFASTFORWARD);
                    continue;
                }

                if (ref != null) {
                    // A well behaved client shouldn't have sent us a
                    // create command for a ref we advertised to it.
                    //
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().refAlreadyExists);
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (cmd.getType() == ReceiveCommand.Type.DELETE && ref != null) {
                ObjectId id = ref.getObjectId();
                if (id == null) {
                    id = ObjectId.zeroId();
                }
                if (!ObjectId.zeroId().equals(cmd.getOldId()) && !id.equals(cmd.getOldId())) {
                    // Delete commands can be sent with the old id matching our
                    // advertised value, *OR* with the old id being 0{40}. Any
                    // other requested old id is invalid.
                    //
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().invalidOldIdSent);
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (cmd.getType() == ReceiveCommand.Type.UPDATE) {
                if (ref == null) {
                    // The ref must have been advertised in order to be updated.
                    //
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().noSuchRef);
                    continue;
                }
                ObjectId id = ref.getObjectId();
                if (id == null) {
                    // We cannot update unborn branch
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().cannotUpdateUnbornBranch);
                    continue;
                }

                if (!id.equals(cmd.getOldId())) {
                    // A properly functioning client will send the same
                    // object id we advertised.
                    //
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().invalidOldIdSent);
                    continue;
                }

                // Is this possibly a non-fast-forward style update?
                //
                RevObject oldObj, newObj;
                try {
                    oldObj = walk.parseAny(cmd.getOldId());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    receiveCommandErrorHandler.handleOldIdValidationException(cmd, e);
                    continue;
                }

                try {
                    newObj = walk.parseAny(cmd.getNewId());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    receiveCommandErrorHandler.handleNewIdValidationException(cmd, e);
                    continue;
                }

                if (oldObj instanceof RevCommit && newObj instanceof RevCommit) {
                    try {
                        if (walk.isMergedInto((RevCommit) oldObj, (RevCommit) newObj)) {
                            cmd.setTypeFastForwardUpdate();
                        } else {
                            cmd.setType(ReceiveCommand.Type.UPDATE_NONFASTFORWARD);
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        receiveCommandErrorHandler.handleFastForwardCheckException(cmd, e);
                    }
                } else {
                    cmd.setType(ReceiveCommand.Type.UPDATE_NONFASTFORWARD);
                }

                if (cmd.getType() == ReceiveCommand.Type.UPDATE_NONFASTFORWARD && !isAllowNonFastForwards()) {
                    cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_NONFASTFORWARD);
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (!cmd.getRefName().startsWith(Constants.R_REFS) || !Repository.isValidRefName(cmd.getRefName())) {
                cmd.setResult(Result.REJECTED_OTHER_REASON, JGitText.get().funnyRefname);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Whether any commands have been rejected so far.
     *
     * @return if any commands have been rejected so far.
     */
    private boolean anyRejects() {
        for (ReceiveCommand cmd : commands) {
            if (cmd.getResult() != Result.NOT_ATTEMPTED && cmd.getResult() != Result.OK)
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Set the result to fail for any command that was not processed yet.
     *
     */
    private void failPendingCommands() {
        ReceiveCommand.abort(commands);
    }

    /**
     * Filter the list of commands according to result.
     *
     * @param want
     *            desired status to filter by.
     * @return a copy of the command list containing only those commands with
     *         the desired status.
     */
    private List<ReceiveCommand> filterCommands(Result want) {
        return ReceiveCommand.filter(commands, want);
    }

    /**
     * Execute commands to update references.
     */
    private void executeCommands() {
        List<ReceiveCommand> toApply = filterCommands(Result.NOT_ATTEMPTED);
        if (toApply.isEmpty())
            return;

        ProgressMonitor updating = NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;
        if (sideBand) {
            SideBandProgressMonitor pm = new SideBandProgressMonitor(msgOut);
            pm.setDelayStart(250, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            updating = pm;
        }

        BatchRefUpdate batch = db.getRefDatabase().newBatchUpdate();
        batch.setAllowNonFastForwards(isAllowNonFastForwards());
        batch.setAtomic(isAtomic());
        batch.setRefLogIdent(getRefLogIdent());
        batch.setRefLogMessage("push", true); //$NON-NLS-1$
        batch.addCommand(toApply);
        try {
            batch.setPushCertificate(getPushCertificate());
            batch.execute(walk, updating);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            receiveCommandErrorHandler.handleBatchRefUpdateException(toApply, e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Send a status report.
     *
     * @param unpackError
     *            an error that occurred during unpacking, or {@code null}
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     *             an error occurred writing the status report.
     * @since 5.6
     */
    private void sendStatusReport(Throwable unpackError) throws IOException {
        Reporter out = new Reporter() {
            @Override
            void sendString(String s) throws IOException {
                if (reportStatus) {
                    pckOut.writeString(s + "\n"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                } else if (msgOut != null) {
                    msgOut.write(Constants.encode(s + "\n")); //$NON-NLS-1$
                }
            }
        };

        try {
            if (unpackError != null) {
                out.sendString("unpack error " + unpackError.getMessage()); //$NON-NLS-1$
                if (reportStatus) {
                    for (ReceiveCommand cmd : commands) {
                        out.sendString("ng " + cmd.getRefName() //$NON-NLS-1$
                                + " n/a (unpacker error)"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    }
                }
                return;
            }

            if (reportStatus) {
                out.sendString("unpack ok"); //$NON-NLS-1$
            }
            for (ReceiveCommand cmd : commands) {
                if (cmd.getResult() == Result.OK) {
                    if (reportStatus) {
                        out.sendString("ok " + cmd.getRefName()); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                final StringBuilder r = new StringBuilder();
                if (reportStatus) {
                    r.append("ng ").append(cmd.getRefName()).append(" "); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
                } else {
                    r.append(" ! [rejected] ").append(cmd.getRefName()) //$NON-NLS-1$
                            .append(" ("); //$NON-NLS-1$
                }

                switch (cmd.getResult()) {
                case NOT_ATTEMPTED:
                    r.append("server bug; ref not processed"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case REJECTED_NOCREATE:
                    r.append("creation prohibited"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case REJECTED_NODELETE:
                    r.append("deletion prohibited"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case REJECTED_NONFASTFORWARD:
                    r.append("non-fast forward"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case REJECTED_CURRENT_BRANCH:
                    r.append("branch is currently checked out"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case REJECTED_MISSING_OBJECT:
                    if (cmd.getMessage() == null)
                        r.append("missing object(s)"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    else if (cmd.getMessage().length() == Constants.OBJECT_ID_STRING_LENGTH) {
                        r.append("object "); //$NON-NLS-1$
                        r.append(cmd.getMessage());
                        r.append(" missing"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    } else
                        r.append(cmd.getMessage());
                    break;

                case REJECTED_OTHER_REASON:
                    if (cmd.getMessage() == null)
                        r.append("unspecified reason"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    else
                        r.append(cmd.getMessage());
                    break;

                case LOCK_FAILURE:
                    r.append("failed to lock"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                    break;

                case OK:
                    // We shouldn't have reached this case (see 'ok' case
                    // above).
                    continue;
                }
                if (!reportStatus) {
                    r.append(")"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                }
                out.sendString(r.toString());
            }
        } finally {
            if (reportStatus) {
                pckOut.end();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Close and flush (if necessary) the underlying streams.
     *
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    private void close() throws IOException {
        if (sideBand) {
            // If we are using side band, we need to send a final
            // flush-pkt to tell the remote peer the side band is
            // complete and it should stop decoding. We need to
            // use the original output stream as rawOut is now the
            // side band data channel.
            //
            ((SideBandOutputStream) msgOut).flushBuffer();
            ((SideBandOutputStream) rawOut).flushBuffer();

            PacketLineOut plo = new PacketLineOut(origOut);
            plo.setFlushOnEnd(false);
            plo.end();
        }

        if (biDirectionalPipe) {
            // If this was a native git connection, flush the pipe for
            // the caller. For smart HTTP we don't do this flush and
            // instead let the higher level HTTP servlet code do it.
            //
            if (!sideBand && msgOut != null)
                msgOut.flush();
            rawOut.flush();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Release any resources used by this object.
     *
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     *             the pack could not be unlocked.
     */
    private void release() throws IOException {
        walk.close();
        unlockPack();
        timeoutIn = null;
        rawIn = null;
        rawOut = null;
        msgOut = null;
        pckIn = null;
        pckOut = null;
        refs = null;
        // Keep the capabilities. If responses are sent after this release
        // we need to remember at least whether sideband communication has to be
        // used
        commands = null;
        if (timer != null) {
            try {
                timer.terminate();
            } finally {
                timer = null;
            }
        }
    }

    /** Interface for reporting status messages. */
    static abstract class Reporter {
        abstract void sendString(String s) throws IOException;
    }

    /**
     * Get the push certificate used to verify the pusher's identity.
     * <p>
     * Only valid after commands are read from the wire.
     *
     * @return the parsed certificate, or null if push certificates are disabled
     *         or no cert was presented by the client.
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public PushCertificate getPushCertificate() {
        return pushCert;
    }

    /**
     * Set the push certificate used to verify the pusher's identity.
     * <p>
     * Should only be called if reconstructing an instance without going through
     * the normal {@link #recvCommands()} flow.
     *
     * @param cert
     *            the push certificate to set.
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public void setPushCertificate(PushCertificate cert) {
        pushCert = cert;
    }

    /**
     * Gets an unmodifiable view of the option strings associated with the push.
     *
     * @return an unmodifiable view of pushOptions, or null (if pushOptions is).
     * @since 4.5
     */
    @Nullable
    public List<String> getPushOptions() {
        if (isAllowPushOptions() && usePushOptions) {
            return Collections.unmodifiableList(pushOptions);
        }

        // The client doesn't support push options. Return null to
        // distinguish this from the case where the client declared support
        // for push options and sent an empty list of them.
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Set the push options supplied by the client.
     * <p>
     * Should only be called if reconstructing an instance without going through
     * the normal {@link #recvCommands()} flow.
     *
     * @param options
     *            the list of options supplied by the client. The
     *            {@code ReceivePack} instance takes ownership of this list.
     *            Callers are encouraged to first create a copy if the list may
     *            be modified later.
     * @since 4.5
     */
    public void setPushOptions(@Nullable List<String> options) {
        usePushOptions = options != null;
        pushOptions = options;
    }

    /**
     * Get the hook invoked before updates occur.
     *
     * @return the hook invoked before updates occur.
     */
    public PreReceiveHook getPreReceiveHook() {
        return preReceive;
    }

    /**
     * Set the hook which is invoked prior to commands being executed.
     * <p>
     * Only valid commands (those which have no obvious errors according to the
     * received input and this instance's configuration) are passed into the
     * hook. The hook may mark a command with a result of any value other than
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceiveCommand.Result#NOT_ATTEMPTED} to
     * block its execution.
     * <p>
     * The hook may be called with an empty command collection if the current
     * set is completely invalid.
     *
     * @param h
     *            the hook instance; may be null to disable the hook.
     */
    public void setPreReceiveHook(PreReceiveHook h) {
        preReceive = h != null ? h : PreReceiveHook.NULL;
    }

    /**
     * Get the hook invoked after updates occur.
     *
     * @return the hook invoked after updates occur.
     */
    public PostReceiveHook getPostReceiveHook() {
        return postReceive;
    }

    /**
     * Set the hook which is invoked after commands are executed.
     * <p>
     * Only successful commands (type is
     * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.transport.ReceiveCommand.Result#OK}) are passed
     * into the hook. The hook may be called with an empty command collection if
     * the current set all resulted in an error.
     *
     * @param h
     *            the hook instance; may be null to disable the hook.
     */
    public void setPostReceiveHook(PostReceiveHook h) {
        postReceive = h != null ? h : PostReceiveHook.NULL;
    }

    /**
     * @param unpackErrorHandler
     *            the unpackErrorHandler to set
     * @since 5.7
     */
    public void setUnpackErrorHandler(UnpackErrorHandler unpackErrorHandler) {
        this.unpackErrorHandler = unpackErrorHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Set whether this class will report command failures as warning messages
     * before sending the command results.
     *
     * @param echo
     *            if true this class will report command failures as warning
     *            messages before sending the command results. This is usually
     *            not necessary, but may help buggy Git clients that discard the
     *            errors when all branches fail.
     * @deprecated no widely used Git versions need this any more
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setEchoCommandFailures(boolean echo) {
        // No-op.
    }

    /**
     * Execute the receive task on the socket.
     *
     * @param input
     *            raw input to read client commands and pack data from. Caller
     *            must ensure the input is buffered, otherwise read performance
     *            may suffer.
     * @param output
     *            response back to the Git network client. Caller must ensure
     *            the output is buffered, otherwise write performance may
     *            suffer.
     * @param messages
     *            secondary "notice" channel to send additional messages out
     *            through. When run over SSH this should be tied back to the
     *            standard error channel of the command execution. For most
     *            other network connections this should be null.
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    public void receive(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output, final OutputStream messages)
            throws IOException {
        init(input, output, messages);
        try {
            service();
        } catch (PackProtocolException e) {
            fatalError(e.getMessage());
            throw e;
        } catch (InputOverLimitIOException e) {
            String msg = JGitText.get().tooManyCommands;
            fatalError(msg);
            throw new PackProtocolException(msg);
        } finally {
            try {
                close();
            } finally {
                release();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute the receive task on the socket.
     *
     * <p>
     * Same as {@link #receive}, but the exceptions are not reported to the
     * client yet.
     *
     * @param input
     *            raw input to read client commands and pack data from. Caller
     *            must ensure the input is buffered, otherwise read performance
     *            may suffer.
     * @param output
     *            response back to the Git network client. Caller must ensure
     *            the output is buffered, otherwise write performance may
     *            suffer.
     * @param messages
     *            secondary "notice" channel to send additional messages out
     *            through. When run over SSH this should be tied back to the
     *            standard error channel of the command execution. For most
     *            other network connections this should be null.
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     * @since 5.7
     */
    public void receiveWithExceptionPropagation(InputStream input, OutputStream output, OutputStream messages)
            throws IOException {
        init(input, output, messages);
        try {
            service();
        } finally {
            try {
                close();
            } finally {
                release();
            }
        }
    }

    private void service() throws IOException {
        if (isBiDirectionalPipe()) {
            sendAdvertisedRefs(new PacketLineOutRefAdvertiser(pckOut));
            pckOut.flush();
        } else
            getAdvertisedOrDefaultRefs();
        if (hasError())
            return;

        recvCommands();

        if (hasCommands()) {
            try (PostReceiveExecutor e = new PostReceiveExecutor()) {
                if (needPack()) {
                    try {
                        receivePackAndCheckConnectivity();
                    } catch (IOException | RuntimeException | SubmoduleValidationException | Error err) {
                        unlockPack();
                        unpackErrorHandler.handleUnpackException(err);
                        throw new UnpackException(err);
                    }
                }

                try {
                    setAtomic(isCapabilityEnabled(CAPABILITY_ATOMIC));

                    validateCommands();
                    if (atomic && anyRejects()) {
                        failPendingCommands();
                    }

                    preReceive.onPreReceive(this, filterCommands(Result.NOT_ATTEMPTED));
                    if (atomic && anyRejects()) {
                        failPendingCommands();
                    }
                    executeCommands();
                } finally {
                    unlockPack();
                }

                sendStatusReport(null);
            }
            autoGc();
        }
    }

    private void autoGc() {
        Repository repo = getRepository();
        if (!repo.getConfig().getBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_RECEIVE_SECTION, ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOGC,
                true)) {
            return;
        }
        repo.autoGC(NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE);
    }

    static ReceiveCommand parseCommand(String line) throws PackProtocolException {
        if (line == null || line.length() < 83) {
            throw new PackProtocolException(JGitText.get().errorInvalidProtocolWantedOldNewRef);
        }
        String oldStr = line.substring(0, 40);
        String newStr = line.substring(41, 81);
        ObjectId oldId, newId;
        try {
            oldId = ObjectId.fromString(oldStr);
            newId = ObjectId.fromString(newStr);
        } catch (InvalidObjectIdException e) {
            throw new PackProtocolException(JGitText.get().errorInvalidProtocolWantedOldNewRef, e);
        }
        String name = line.substring(82);
        if (!Repository.isValidRefName(name)) {
            throw new PackProtocolException(JGitText.get().errorInvalidProtocolWantedOldNewRef);
        }
        return new ReceiveCommand(oldId, newId, name);
    }

    private class PostReceiveExecutor implements AutoCloseable {
        @Override
        public void close() {
            postReceive.onPostReceive(ReceivePack.this, filterCommands(Result.OK));
        }
    }

    private class DefaultUnpackErrorHandler implements UnpackErrorHandler {
        @Override
        public void handleUnpackException(Throwable t) throws IOException {
            sendStatusReport(t);
        }
    }
}