org.kalypsodeegree_impl.graphics.sld.SLDFactory.java Source code

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/** This file is part of kalypso/deegree.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * history:
 *
 * Files in this package are originally taken from deegree and modified here
 * to fit in kalypso. As goals of kalypso differ from that one in deegree
 * interface-compatibility to deegree is wanted but not retained always.
 *
 * If you intend to use this software in other ways than in kalypso
 * (e.g. OGC-web services), you should consider the latest version of deegree,
 * see http://www.deegree.org .
 *
 * all modifications are licensed as deegree,
 * original copyright:
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001 by:
 * EXSE, Department of Geography, University of Bonn
 * http://www.giub.uni-bonn.de/exse/
 * lat/lon GmbH
 * http://www.lat-lon.de
 */
package org.kalypsodeegree_impl.graphics.sld;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IFile;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.CoreException;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IStatus;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Status;
import org.kalypso.commons.xml.NS;
import org.kalypso.contribs.eclipse.core.resources.ResourceUtilities;
import org.kalypso.contribs.java.net.IUrlResolver2;
import org.kalypso.contribs.java.net.UrlResolverSingleton;
import org.kalypsodeegree.KalypsoDeegreePlugin;
import org.kalypsodeegree.filterencoding.Expression;
import org.kalypsodeegree.filterencoding.Filter;
import org.kalypsodeegree.filterencoding.Operation;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.ColorMapEntry;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.CssParameter;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Extent;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.ExternalGraphic;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.FeatureTypeConstraint;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.FeatureTypeStyle;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Fill;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Font;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Geometry;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Graphic;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.GraphicFill;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.GraphicStroke;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Halo;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LabelPlacement;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Layer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LayerFeatureConstraints;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LegendGraphic;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LineColorMapEntry;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LinePlacement;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.LineSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Mark;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.NamedLayer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.NamedStyle;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.ParameterValueType;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.PointPlacement;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.PointSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.PolygonColorMapEntry;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.PolygonSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.RasterSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.RemoteOWS;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Rule;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Stroke;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Style;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.StyledLayerDescriptor;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.SurfaceLineSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.SurfacePolygonSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.Symbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.TextSymbolizer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.UserLayer;
import org.kalypsodeegree.graphics.sld.UserStyle;
import org.kalypsodeegree.xml.ElementList;
import org.kalypsodeegree.xml.Marshallable;
import org.kalypsodeegree.xml.XMLParsingException;
import org.kalypsodeegree.xml.XMLTools;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.AbstractFilter;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.ComplexFilter;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.Expression_Impl;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.FalseFilter;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.LogicalOperation;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.OperationDefines;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.filterencoding.PropertyName;
import org.kalypsodeegree_impl.graphics.sld.Symbolizer_Impl.UOM;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

/**
 * Factory class for all mapped SLD-elements.
 * <p>
 * TODO: Default values for omitted elements (such as fill color) should better not be used in the construction of the corresponding objects (Fill), but marked as left out (to make it possible to
 * differentiate between explicitly given values and default values).
 * <p>
 * 
 * @author <a href="mailto:poth@lat-lon.de">Andreas Poth </a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:mschneider@lat-lon.de">Markus Schneider </a>
 * @version $Revision$ $Date$
 */
public final class SLDFactory {
    public static final String SLDNS_EXT = "http://www.opengis.net/sldExt";//$NON-NLS-1$

    public static final String NS_SLD = "http://www.opengis.net/sld";//$NON-NLS-1$

    private static String NS_OGC = "http://www.opengis.net/ogc";//$NON-NLS-1$

    private SLDFactory() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance from the given file.
     * 
     * @param styleFile
     *          The file to read the style from
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the XML document is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance
     */
    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createSLD(final IFile styleFile) throws XMLParsingException {
        try {
            final URL context = ResourceUtilities.createURL(styleFile);
            final Document doc = XMLTools.parse(styleFile);
            return SLDFactory.createStyledLayerDescriptor(context, doc.getDocumentElement());
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("Failed to load SLD-Document: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance from the given Reader.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param reader
     *          provides the XML document
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the XML document is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance
     */
    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createSLD(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final InputStream is)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        try {
            final Document doc = XMLTools.parse(is);
            return SLDFactory.createStyledLayerDescriptor(urlResolver, doc.getDocumentElement());
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("IOException encountered while parsing SLD-Document: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (final SAXException e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("SAXException encountered while parsing SLD-Document: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createSLD(final File file) throws IOException, XMLParsingException {
        final URL context = file.toURI().toURL();
        final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver = new IUrlResolver2() {
            @Override
            public URL resolveURL(final String relativeOrAbsolute) throws MalformedURLException {
                return new URL(context, relativeOrAbsolute);
            }
        };

        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            is = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            final StyledLayerDescriptor sld = createSLD(urlResolver, is);
            is.close();
            return sld;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
    }

    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createSLD(final URL url) throws IOException, XMLParsingException {
        final Object element = readSLD(url);
        if (element instanceof StyledLayerDescriptor)
            return (StyledLayerDescriptor) element;

        throw new XMLParsingException(
                String.format("Root element is not '%s'", StyledLayerDescriptor.ELEMENT_STYLEDLAYERDESCRIPTOR));
    }

    /**
     * Reads an sld file from an {@link URL}.<br>
     * The type of the returned element may be any of the top-level types defined in the sld-schema.
     * 
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the XML document is encountered
     * @return The read top-Level element
     */
    public static Object readSLD(final URL url) throws XMLParsingException, IOException {
        final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver = new IUrlResolver2() {
            @Override
            public URL resolveURL(final String relativeOrAbsolute) throws MalformedURLException {
                return new URL(url, relativeOrAbsolute);
            }
        };

        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            is = new BufferedInputStream(url.openStream());
            final Object sld = readSLD(urlResolver, is);
            is.close();
            return sld;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reads an sld file from an {@link InputStream}.<br>
     * The type of the returned element may be any of the top-level types defined in the sld-schema.
     * 
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the XML document is encountered
     * @return The read top-Level element
     */
    public static Object readSLD(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final InputStream is) throws XMLParsingException {
        try {
            final Document doc = XMLTools.parse(is);

            final Element element = doc.getDocumentElement();

            final String namespaceURI = element.getNamespaceURI();
            if (!NS_SLD.equals(namespaceURI))
                throw new XMLParsingException(String.format("Root-Element must be of namespace '%s'", NS_SLD));

            final String localName = element.getLocalName();

            if ("StyledLayerDescriptor".equals(localName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                return SLDFactory.createStyledLayerDescriptor(urlResolver, element);

            if ("NamedLayer".equals(localName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                return SLDFactory.createNamedLayer(urlResolver, element);

            if ("UserLayer".equals(localName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                return SLDFactory.createUserLayer(urlResolver, element);

            if ("UserStyle".equals(localName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                return SLDFactory.createUserStyle(urlResolver, element);

            if ("FeatureTypeStyle".equals(localName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                return SLDFactory.createFeatureTypeStyle(urlResolver, element);

            throw new XMLParsingException(String.format("Unable to parse Root-Element: '%s'", localName));
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("IOException encountered while parsing SLD-Document: " + e.getMessage(),
                    e);
        } catch (final SAXException e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("SAXException encountered while parsing SLD-Document: " + e.getMessage(),
                    e);
        }
    }

    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createStyledLayerDescriptor(final String name, final String title,
            final String description, final Layer[] layers) {
        return new StyledLayerDescriptor_Impl(name, title, description, layers);
    }

    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createStyledLayerDescriptor(final Layer[] layers) {
        return new StyledLayerDescriptor_Impl(layers);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>TextSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'TextSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'TextSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>TextSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static TextSymbolizer createTextSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {

        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // optional: <Label>
        ParameterValueType label = null;
        final Element labelElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Label", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (labelElement != null) {
            label = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(labelElement);
        }

        // optional: <Font>
        Font font = null;
        final Element fontElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Font", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (fontElement != null) {
            font = SLDFactory.createFont(fontElement);
        }

        // optional: <LabelPlacement>
        LabelPlacement labelPlacement = null;
        final Element lpElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LabelPlacement", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (lpElement != null) {
            labelPlacement = SLDFactory.createLabelPlacement(lpElement);
        }

        // optional: <Halo>
        Halo halo = null;
        final Element haloElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Halo", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (haloElement != null) {
            halo = SLDFactory.createHalo(urlResolver, haloElement);
        }

        // optional: <Fill>
        final Fill fill = null;

        return new TextSymbolizer_Impl(geometry, label, font, labelPlacement, halo, fill, uom);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Halo</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Halo'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Halo'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Halo</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Halo createHalo(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Radius>
        ParameterValueType radius = null;
        final Element radiusElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Radius", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (radiusElement != null) {
            radius = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(radiusElement);
        }

        // optional: <Fill>
        Fill fill = null;
        final Element fillElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Fill", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (fillElement != null) {
            fill = SLDFactory.createFill(urlResolver, fillElement);
        }

        // optional: <Stroke>
        Stroke stroke = null;
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        return new Halo_Impl(radius, fill, stroke);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>LabelPlacement</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'LabelPlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'LabelPlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>LabelPlacement</tt> -instance
     */
    private static LabelPlacement createLabelPlacement(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        LabelPlacement labelPlacement = null;

        // required: <PointPlacement> / <LinePlacement>
        final NodeList nodelist = element.getChildNodes();
        PointPlacement pPlacement = null;
        LinePlacement lPlacement = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++)
            if (nodelist.item(i) instanceof Element) {
                final Element child = (Element) nodelist.item(i);
                final String namespace = child.getNamespaceURI();

                if (!NS.SLD.equals(namespace)) {
                    continue;
                }

                final String childName = child.getLocalName();

                if ("PointPlacement".equals(childName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                {
                    pPlacement = SLDFactory.createPointPlacement(child);
                } else if ("LinePlacement".equals(childName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                {
                    lPlacement = SLDFactory.createLinePlacement(child);
                }
            }

        if (pPlacement != null && lPlacement == null) {
            labelPlacement = new LabelPlacement_Impl(pPlacement);
        } else if (pPlacement == null && lPlacement != null) {
            labelPlacement = new LabelPlacement_Impl(lPlacement);
        } else
            throw new XMLParsingException("Element 'LabelPlacement' must contain exactly one "
                    + "'PointPlacement'- or one 'LinePlacement'-element!");

        return labelPlacement;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PointPlacement</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'PointPlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'PointPlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>PointPlacement</tt> -instance
     */
    private static PointPlacement createPointPlacement(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {

        // optional: auto-Attribute (this is deegree-specific)
        final String autoStr = XMLTools.getAttrValue(element, "auto");//$NON-NLS-1$
        final boolean auto = Boolean.parseBoolean(autoStr);

        // optional: <AnchorPoint>
        ParameterValueType[] anchorPoint = null;
        final Element apElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("AnchorPoint", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (apElement != null) {
            anchorPoint = new ParameterValueType[2];

            final Element apXElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("AnchorPointX", NS.SLD, apElement);//$NON-NLS-1$
            final Element apYElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("AnchorPointY", NS.SLD, apElement);//$NON-NLS-1$

            if (apXElement == null || apYElement == null)
                throw new XMLParsingException("Element 'AnchorPoint' must contain exactly one "
                        + "'AnchorPointX'- and one 'AnchorPointY'-element!");

            anchorPoint[0] = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(apXElement);
            anchorPoint[1] = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(apYElement);
        }

        // optional: <Displacement>
        ParameterValueType[] displacement = null;
        final Element dElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Displacement", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (dElement != null) {
            displacement = new ParameterValueType[2];

            final Element dXElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("DisplacementX", NS.SLD, dElement);//$NON-NLS-1$
            final Element dYElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("DisplacementY", NS.SLD, dElement);//$NON-NLS-1$

            if (dXElement == null || dYElement == null)
                throw new XMLParsingException("Element 'Displacement' must contain exactly one "
                        + "'DisplacementX'- and one 'DisplacementY'-element!");

            displacement[0] = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(dXElement);
            displacement[1] = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(dYElement);
        }

        // optional: <Rotation>
        ParameterValueType rotation = null;
        final Element rElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Rotation", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (rElement != null) {
            rotation = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(rElement);
        }

        return new PointPlacement_Impl(anchorPoint, displacement, rotation, auto);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>LinePlacement</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'LinePlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'LinePlacement'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>LinePlacement</tt> -instance
     */
    private static LinePlacement createLinePlacement(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <PerpendicularOffset>
        ParameterValueType pOffset = null;
        final Element pOffsetElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("PerpendicularOffset", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (pOffsetElement != null) {
            pOffset = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(pOffsetElement);
        }

        // optional: <Gap> (this is deegree-specific)
        ParameterValueType gap = null;
        final Element gapElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Gap", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (gapElement != null) {
            gap = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(gapElement);
        }

        // optional: <LineWidth> (this is deegree-specific)
        ParameterValueType lineWidth = null;
        final Element lineWidthElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LineWidth", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (lineWidthElement != null) {
            lineWidth = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(lineWidthElement);
        }

        return new LinePlacement_Impl(pOffset, lineWidth, gap);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Font</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Font'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Font'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Font</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Font createFont(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <CssParameter>s
        final ElementList nl = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("CssParameter", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final Map<String, CssParameter> cssParams = new HashMap<>(nl.getLength());

        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            final CssParameter cssParam = SLDFactory.createCssParameter(nl.item(i));
            cssParams.put(cssParam.getName(), cssParam);
        }

        return new Font_Impl(cssParams);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>ParameterValueType</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the <tt>Element</tt> (must be of the type sld:ParameterValueType)
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>ParameterValueType</tt> -instance
     */
    private static ParameterValueType createParameterValueType(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        if (element == null)
            return null;

        // mix of text nodes and <wfs:Expression>-elements
        final List<Object> componentList = new ArrayList<>();
        final NodeList nl = element.getChildNodes();

        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            final Node node = nl.item(i);

            switch (node.getNodeType()) {
            case Node.TEXT_NODE: {
                componentList.add(node.getNodeValue());
                break;
            }
            case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: {
                final Expression expression = Expression_Impl.buildFromDOM((Element) node);
                componentList.add(expression);
                break;
            }
            default:
                throw new XMLParsingException("Elements of type 'ParameterValueType' may only " //$NON-NLS-1$
                        + "consist of CDATA and 'ogc:Expression'-elements!");
            }
        }

        final Object[] components = componentList.toArray(new Object[componentList.size()]);
        return new ParameterValueType_Impl(components);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'StyledLayerDescriptor'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * 
     * @param context
     *          Used as context to resolve any links contained in the document.
     * @param element
     *          the 'StyledLayerDescriptor'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance
     */
    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createStyledLayerDescriptor(final URL context, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver = new IUrlResolver2() {
            @Override
            public URL resolveURL(final String relativeOrAbsolute) throws MalformedURLException {
                return new URL(context, relativeOrAbsolute);
            }
        };

        return createStyledLayerDescriptor(urlResolver, element);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'StyledLayerDescriptor'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'StyledLayerDescriptor'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>StyledLayerDescriptor</tt> -instance
     */
    public static StyledLayerDescriptor createStyledLayerDescriptor(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver,
            final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: <Title>
        final String title = XMLTools.getStringValue("Title", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <Abstract>
        final String description = XMLTools.getStringValue("Abstract", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // required: version-Attribute
        // final String version = XMLTools.getRequiredAttrValue( "version", element );
        // TODO: check for correct version here...; must be "1.0.0", but i have seen many wrong .sld's

        // optional: <NamedLayer>(s) / <UserLayer>(s)
        final NodeList nodelist = element.getChildNodes();
        final List<Layer> layerList = new ArrayList<>(100);

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            if (nodelist.item(i) instanceof Element) {
                final Element child = (Element) nodelist.item(i);
                final String namespace = child.getNamespaceURI();

                if (!NS.SLD.equals(namespace)) {
                    continue;
                }

                final String childName = child.getLocalName();

                if ("NamedLayer".equals(childName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                {
                    layerList.add(SLDFactory.createNamedLayer(urlResolver, child));
                } else if ("UserLayer".equals(childName))//$NON-NLS-1$
                {
                    layerList.add(SLDFactory.createUserLayer(urlResolver, child));
                }
            }
        }

        final Layer[] layers = layerList.toArray(new Layer[layerList.size()]);
        return new StyledLayerDescriptor_Impl(name, title, description, layers);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>NamedStyle</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'NamedStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'NamedStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>NamedStyle</tt> -instance
     */
    private static NamedStyle createNamedStyle(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element);

        return new NamedStyle_Impl(name);
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public static NamedStyle createNamedStyle(final String name) {
        return new NamedStyle_Impl(name);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>RemoteOWS</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'RemoteOWS'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'RemoteOWS'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>RemoteOWS</tt> -instance
     */
    private static RemoteOWS createRemoteOWS(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Service>
        final String service = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Service", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (!("WFS".equals(service) || "WCS".equals(service)))//$NON-NLS-1$//$NON-NLS-2$
            throw new XMLParsingException("Value ('" + service + "') of element 'service' is invalid. "
                    + "Allowed values are: 'WFS' and 'WCS'.");

        // required: <OnlineResource>
        final Element onlineResourceElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("OnlineResource", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final String href = XMLTools.getRequiredAttrValue("xlink:href", onlineResourceElement);
        URL url = null;

        try {
            url = new URL(href);
        } catch (final MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new XMLParsingException("Value ('" + href + "') of attribute 'href' of "
                    + "element 'OnlineResoure' does not denote a valid URL: " + e.getMessage());
        }

        return new RemoteOWS_Impl(service, url);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>NamedLayer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'UserLayer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'NamedLayer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>NamedLayer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static NamedLayer createNamedLayer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: <LayerFeatureConstraints>
        LayerFeatureConstraints lfc = null;
        final Element lfcElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LayerFeatureConstraints", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (lfcElement != null) {
            lfc = SLDFactory.createLayerFeatureConstraints(lfcElement);
        }

        // optional: <NamedStyle>(s) / <UserStyle>(s)
        final NodeList nodelist = element.getChildNodes();
        final List<Style> styleList = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++)
            if (nodelist.item(i) instanceof Element) {
                final Element child = (Element) nodelist.item(i);
                final String namespace = child.getNamespaceURI();

                if (!NS.SLD.equals(namespace)) {
                    continue;
                }

                final String childName = child.getLocalName();

                if ("NamedStyle".equals(childName)) {
                    styleList.add(SLDFactory.createNamedStyle(child));
                } else if ("UserStyle".equals(childName)) {
                    styleList.add(SLDFactory.createUserStyle(urlResolver, child));
                }
            }

        final Style[] styles = styleList.toArray(new Style[styleList.size()]);

        return new NamedLayer_Impl(name, lfc, styles);
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public static NamedLayer createNamedLayer(final String name,
            final LayerFeatureConstraints layerFeatureConstraints, final Style[] userStyles) {
        return new NamedLayer_Impl(name, layerFeatureConstraints, userStyles);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>UserLayer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'UserLayer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'UserLayer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>UserLayer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static UserLayer createUserLayer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element, null);

        // optional: <RemoteOWS>
        RemoteOWS remoteOWS = null;
        final Element remoteOWSElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("RemoteOWS", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (remoteOWSElement != null) {
            remoteOWS = SLDFactory.createRemoteOWS(remoteOWSElement);
        }

        // required: <LayerFeatureConstraints>
        LayerFeatureConstraints lfc = null;
        final Element lfcElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("LayerFeatureConstraints", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        lfc = SLDFactory.createLayerFeatureConstraints(lfcElement);

        // optional: <UserStyle>(s)
        final ElementList nodelist = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("UserStyle", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final UserStyle[] styles = new UserStyle[nodelist.getLength()];

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            styles[i] = SLDFactory.createUserStyle(urlResolver, nodelist.item(i));
        }

        return new UserLayer_Impl(name, lfc, styles, remoteOWS);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>FeatureTypeConstraint</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'FeatureTypeConstraint'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'FeatureTypeConstraint'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>FeatureTypeConstraint</tt> -instance
     */
    private static FeatureTypeConstraint createFeatureTypeConstraint(final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("FeatureTypeName", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: <Filter>
        Filter filter = null;
        final Element filterElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Filter", SLDFactory.NS_OGC, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        if (filterElement != null) {
            filter = AbstractFilter.buildFromDOM(filterElement);
        }

        // optional: <Extent>(s)
        final ElementList nodelist = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("Extent", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final Extent[] extents = new Extent[nodelist.getLength()];

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            extents[i] = SLDFactory.createExtent(nodelist.item(i));
        }

        return new FeatureTypeConstraint_Impl(name, filter, extents);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an <tt>Extent</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Extent'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Extent'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Extent</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Extent createExtent(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // required: <Value>
        final String value = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Value", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        return new Extent_Impl(name, value);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>LayerFeatureConstraints</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'LayerFeatureConstraints'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'LayerFeatureConstraints'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>LayerFeatureConstraints</tt> -instance
     */
    public static LayerFeatureConstraints createLayerFeatureConstraints(final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <FeatureTypeConstraint>(s)
        final ElementList nodelist = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("FeatureTypeConstraint", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final FeatureTypeConstraint[] ftcs = new FeatureTypeConstraint[nodelist.getLength()];

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            ftcs[i] = SLDFactory.createFeatureTypeConstraint(nodelist.item(i));
        }

        return new LayerFeatureConstraints_Impl(ftcs);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>UserStyle</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'UserStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'UserStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>UserStyle</tt> -instance
     */
    private static UserStyle createUserStyle(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <Title>
        final String title = XMLTools.getStringValue("Title", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <Abstract>
        final String description = XMLTools.getStringValue("Abstract", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: <IsDefault>
        final String defaultString = XMLTools.getStringValue("IsDefault", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        boolean isDefault = false;

        if (defaultString != null)
            if ("1".equals(defaultString)) {
                isDefault = true;
            }

        // required: <FeatureTypeStyle> (s)
        final ElementList nl = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("FeatureTypeStyle", NS.SLD, element);
        final FeatureTypeStyle[] styles = new FeatureTypeStyle[nl.getLength()];

        if (styles.length == 0)
            throw new XMLParsingException(
                    "Required child-element 'FeatureTypeStyle' of element " + "'UserStyle' is missing!");

        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            styles[i] = SLDFactory.createFeatureTypeStyle(urlResolver, nl.item(i));
        }

        return StyleFactory.createUserStyle(name, title, description, isDefault, styles);
    }

    public static FeatureTypeStyle createFeatureTypeStyle(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver2, final File sldFile)
            throws IOException, XMLParsingException, SAXException {
        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            is = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(sldFile));
            final FeatureTypeStyle fts = createFeatureTypeStyle(urlResolver2, is);
            is.close();
            return fts;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
    }

    public static FeatureTypeStyle createFeatureTypeStyle(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver2, final URL sldLocation)
            throws IOException, XMLParsingException, SAXException {
        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            is = new BufferedInputStream(sldLocation.openStream());
            final FeatureTypeStyle fts = createFeatureTypeStyle(urlResolver2, is);
            is.close();
            return fts;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
    }

    public static FeatureTypeStyle createFeatureTypeStyle(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver2,
            final InputStream sldContent) throws XMLParsingException, IOException, SAXException {
        final Document doc = XMLTools.parse(sldContent);
        final Element element = doc.getDocumentElement();
        return createFeatureTypeStyle(urlResolver2, element);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>FeatureTypeStyle</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'FeatureTypeStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * TODO: The ElseFilter currently does not work correctly with FeatureFilters.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'FeatureTypeStyle'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>FeatureTypeStyle</tt> -instance
     */
    public static FeatureTypeStyle createFeatureTypeStyle(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element, null);
        // optional: <Title>
        final String title = XMLTools.getStringValue("Title", NS.SLD, element, null);
        // optional: <Abstract>
        final String description = XMLTools.getStringValue("Abstract", NS.SLD, element, null);

        // optional: <FeatureTypeName>
        final Element featureTypeNameElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("FeatureTypeName", NS.SLD, element);
        final QName featureTypeQName = XMLTools.getQNameValue(featureTypeNameElement);

        // optional: several <Rule> / <SemanticTypeIdentifier>
        final NodeList nodelist = element.getChildNodes();

        final List<Rule> ruleList = new ArrayList<>();
        final List<String> typeIdentifierList = new ArrayList<>();

        // collect Filters of all Rules
        final List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<>();
        // collect all Rules that have an ElseFilter
        final List<Rule> elseRules = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            final Node item = nodelist.item(i);
            parseRuleOrSemanticTypeIdentifier(urlResolver, ruleList, typeIdentifierList, filters, elseRules, item);
        }

        // compute and set the ElseFilter for all ElseFilter-Rules
        final Filter elseFilter = createElseFilter(filters);
        for (final Rule elseRule : elseRules) {
            // TODO: better API -> this make the Rule have elseFilter = true AND a filter element,
            // which may lead to problems later
            // TODO: we could have a class ElseFilter extends Filter that encapsulates this behavior
            elseRule.setFilter(elseFilter);
        }

        final Rule[] rules = ruleList.toArray(new Rule[ruleList.size()]);
        final String[] typeIdentifiers = typeIdentifierList.toArray(new String[typeIdentifierList.size()]);
        return StyleFactory.createFeatureTypeStyle(name, title, description, featureTypeQName, typeIdentifiers,
                rules);
    }

    private static void parseRuleOrSemanticTypeIdentifier(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver,
            final List<Rule> ruleList, final List<String> typeIdentifierList, final List<Filter> filters,
            final List<Rule> elseRules, final Node item) throws XMLParsingException {
        if (item instanceof Element) {
            final Element child = (Element) item;
            final String namespace = child.getNamespaceURI();

            if (!NS.SLD.equals(namespace)) {
                return;
            }

            final String childName = child.getLocalName();

            if ("Rule".equals(childName)) {
                final Rule rule = SLDFactory.createRule(urlResolver, child);
                if (rule.hasElseFilter()) {
                    elseRules.add(rule);
                } else if (rule.getFilter() == null || rule.getFilter() instanceof ComplexFilter) {
                    filters.add(rule.getFilter());
                }
                ruleList.add(rule);
            } else if ("SemanticTypeIdentifier".equals(childName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            {
                typeIdentifierList.add(XMLTools.getStringValue(child));
            }
        }
    }

    private static Filter createElseFilter(final List<Filter> filters) {
        // a Rule exists with no Filter at all -> elseFilter = false
        if (filters.contains(null))
            return new FalseFilter();

        if (filters.size() == 1) {
            final ComplexFilter elseFilter = new ComplexFilter(OperationDefines.NOT);
            final List<Operation> arguments = ((LogicalOperation) elseFilter.getOperation()).getArguments();
            final ComplexFilter complexFilter = (ComplexFilter) filters.get(0);
            arguments.add(complexFilter.getOperation());
            return elseFilter;
        }

        if (filters.size() > 1) {
            // several Rules with Filters exist -> elseFilter = NOT (Filter1 OR Filter2 OR...)
            final ComplexFilter innerFilter = new ComplexFilter(OperationDefines.OR);
            ComplexFilter elseFilter;
            elseFilter = new ComplexFilter(innerFilter, null, OperationDefines.NOT);
            final List<Operation> arguments = ((LogicalOperation) innerFilter.getOperation()).getArguments();

            for (final Filter complexFilter : filters)
                arguments.add(((ComplexFilter) complexFilter).getOperation());

            return elseFilter;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Rule</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Rule'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Rule'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Rule</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Rule createRule(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Name>
        final String name = XMLTools.getStringValue("Name", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <Title>
        final String title = XMLTools.getStringValue("Title", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <Abstract>
        final String description = XMLTools.getStringValue("Abstract", NS.SLD, element, null);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: <LegendGraphic>
        final Element legendGraphicElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LegendGraphic", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        final LegendGraphic legendGraphic;
        if (legendGraphicElement == null)
            legendGraphic = null;
        else
            legendGraphic = SLDFactory.createLegendGraphic(urlResolver, legendGraphicElement);

        // optional: <Filter>
        final Element filterElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Filter", SLDFactory.NS_OGC, element);//$NON-NLS-1$

        final Filter filter;
        if (filterElement == null)
            filter = null;
        else
            filter = AbstractFilter.buildFromDOM(filterElement);

        // optional: <ElseFilter>
        final Element elseFilterElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("ElseFilter", NS.SLD, element);//$NON-NLS-1$
        final boolean hasElseFilter = elseFilterElement != null;

        if (filterElement != null && hasElseFilter)
            throw new XMLParsingException(
                    "Element 'Rule' may contain a 'Filter'- or " + "an 'ElseFilter'-element, but not both!");

        // optional: <MinScaleDenominator>
        final double min = XMLTools.getDoubleValue("MinScaleDenominator", NS.SLD, element, 0.0);//$NON-NLS-1$
        // optional: <MaxScaleDenominator>
        final double max = XMLTools.getDoubleValue("MaxScaleDenominator", NS.SLD, element, 9E99);//$NON-NLS-1$

        // optional: different Symbolizer-elements
        final NodeList symbolizerNL = element.getChildNodes();
        final List<Symbolizer> symbolizerList = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < symbolizerNL.getLength(); i++) {
            final Node item = symbolizerNL.item(i);
            if (item instanceof Element) {
                final Symbolizer symbolizer = createSymbolizer(urlResolver, (Element) item);
                if (symbolizer != null)
                    symbolizerList.add(symbolizer);
            }
        }

        final Symbolizer[] symbolizers = symbolizerList.toArray(new Symbolizer[symbolizerList.size()]);
        return StyleFactory.createRule(symbolizers, name, title, description, legendGraphic, filter, hasElseFilter,
                min, max);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a symbolizer from
     */
    public static Symbolizer createSymbolizer(final URL location) throws CoreException {
        InputStream inputStream = null;

        try {
            inputStream = location.openStream();
            final Document document = XMLTools.parse(inputStream);
            inputStream.close();

            final IUrlResolver2 resolver = new IUrlResolver2() {
                @Override
                public URL resolveURL(final String relativeOrAbsolute) throws MalformedURLException {
                    return UrlResolverSingleton.resolveUrl(location, relativeOrAbsolute);
                }
            };

            return SLDFactory.createSymbolizer(resolver, document.getDocumentElement());
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            final IStatus status = new Status(IStatus.ERROR, KalypsoDeegreePlugin.getID(),
                    "Failed to load symbolizer", e);
            throw new CoreException(status);
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
        }
    }

    public static Symbolizer createSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element symbolizerElement)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        final String namespace = symbolizerElement.getNamespaceURI();

        if (!(NS.SLD.equals(namespace) || SLDNS_EXT.equals(namespace)))
            return null;

        final UOM uom = readUOM(symbolizerElement);

        final String symbolizerName = symbolizerElement.getLocalName();

        if ("LineSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createLineSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("PointSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createPointSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("PolygonSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createPolygonSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("TextSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createTextSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("RasterSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createRasterSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("SurfaceLineSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName))//$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createSurfaceLineSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        if ("SurfacePolygonSymbolizer".equals(symbolizerName)) //$NON-NLS-1$
            return SLDFactory.createSurfacePolygonSymbolizer(urlResolver, symbolizerElement, uom);

        return null;
    }

    /*
     * In reference to Symbology Encoding specification (1.1.0), we read an extra 'uom' attribute from the
     * Symbology-Elements. In SLD 1.0.0 this is not yet supported, always 'pixel' is assumed.
     */
    private static UOM readUOM(final Element symbolizerElement) {
        final UOM uom;
        if (symbolizerElement.hasAttribute("uom"))//$NON-NLS-1$
            uom = UOM.valueOf(symbolizerElement.getAttribute("uom"));//$NON-NLS-1$
        else
            uom = UOM.pixel;
        return uom;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PointSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'PointSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'PointSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>PointSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static PointSymbolizer createPointSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);

        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // optional: <Graphic>
        Graphic graphic = null;
        final Element graphicElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Graphic", NS.SLD, element);

        if (graphicElement != null) {
            graphic = SLDFactory.createGraphic(urlResolver, graphicElement);
        }

        return new PointSymbolizer_Impl(graphic, geometry, uom);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>LineSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'LineSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'LineSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>LineSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static LineSymbolizer createLineSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);

        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // optional: <Stroke>
        Stroke stroke = null;
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        return new LineSymbolizer_Impl(stroke, geometry, uom);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PolygonSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'PolygonSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'PolygonSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>PolygonSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static PolygonSymbolizer createPolygonSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);

        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // optional: <Fill>
        Fill fill = null;
        final Element fillElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Fill", NS.SLD, element);

        if (fillElement != null) {
            fill = SLDFactory.createFill(urlResolver, fillElement);
        }

        // optional: <Stroke>
        Stroke stroke = null;
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        return new PolygonSymbolizer_Impl(fill, stroke, geometry, uom);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>SurfaceLineSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'SurfaceLineSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'SurfaceLineSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>SurfaceLineSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static SurfaceLineSymbolizer createSurfaceLineSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver,
            final Element element, final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);
        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // <LineColorMap>
        final Element colorMapElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LineColorMap", SLDNS_EXT, element);

        if (colorMapElement == null)
            throw new XMLParsingException("Missing required 'LineColorMap' element");

        final LineColorMap colorMap = createLineColorMap(urlResolver, colorMapElement);

        return new SurfaceLineSymbolizer_Impl(colorMap, geometry, uom);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>SurfacePolygonSymbolizer</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the
     * given 'SurfaceLineSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'SurfacePolygonSymbolizer'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @param min
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @param max
     *          scale-constraint to be used
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>SurfacePolygonSymbolizer</tt> -instance
     */
    private static SurfacePolygonSymbolizer createSurfacePolygonSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver,
            final Element element, final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Geometry>
        Geometry geometry = null;
        final Element geometryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Geometry", NS.SLD, element);
        if (geometryElement != null) {
            geometry = SLDFactory.createGeometry(geometryElement);
        }

        // <PolygonColorMap>
        final Element colorMapElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("PolygonColorMap", SLDNS_EXT, element);

        if (colorMapElement == null)
            throw new XMLParsingException("Missing required 'PolygonColorMap' element");

        final PolygonColorMap colorMap = createPolygonColorMap(urlResolver, colorMapElement);

        return new SurfacePolygonSymbolizer_Impl(colorMap, geometry, uom);
    }

    private static PolygonColorMap createPolygonColorMap(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // <PolygonColorMapEntry>
        final ElementList colorMapEntryElementList = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("PolygonColorMapEntry",
                SLDNS_EXT, element);

        if (colorMapEntryElementList == null)
            throw new XMLParsingException("Missing required 'PolygonColorMapEntry' element");

        final PolygonColorMap colorMap = new PolygonColorMap_Impl();

        for (int i = 0; i < colorMapEntryElementList.getLength(); i++) {
            final Element item = colorMapEntryElementList.item(i);
            final PolygonColorMapEntry colorMapEntry = createPolygonColorMapEntry(urlResolver, item);

            colorMap.addColorMapClass(colorMapEntry);
        }

        return colorMap;
    }

    private static LineColorMap createLineColorMap(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // <LineColorMapEntry>
        final ElementList colorMapEntryElementList = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("LineColorMapEntry", SLDNS_EXT,
                element);

        if (colorMapEntryElementList == null)
            throw new XMLParsingException("Missing required 'LineColorMapEntry' element");

        final LineColorMap colorMap = new LineColorMap_Impl();

        for (int i = 0; i < colorMapEntryElementList.getLength(); i++) {
            final Element item = colorMapEntryElementList.item(i);
            final LineColorMapEntry colorMapEntry = createLineColorMapEntry(urlResolver, item);

            colorMap.addColorMapClass(colorMapEntry);
        }

        return colorMap;
    }

    private static PolygonColorMapEntry createPolygonColorMapEntry(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver,
            final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // <PolygonColorMapEntry>
        // final Element colorMapEntryElement = XMLTools.getChildByName( "PolygonColorMapEntry", SLDNS_EXT, element );
        //
        // if( colorMapEntryElement == null )
        // throw new XMLParsingException( "Missing required 'PolygonColorMapEntry' element" );

        // <Fill>
        Fill fill = null;
        final Element fillElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Fill", NS.SLD, element);

        if (fillElement != null) {
            fill = SLDFactory.createFill(urlResolver, fillElement);
        }

        // <Stroke>
        Stroke stroke = null;
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        // <label>
        final Element labelElt = XMLTools.getChildByName("label", SLDNS_EXT, element);
        final ParameterValueType label = createParameterValueType(labelElt);

        // <from>
        final Element fromElt = XMLTools.getChildByName("from", SLDNS_EXT, element);
        final ParameterValueType from = createParameterValueType(fromElt);

        // <to>
        final Element toElt = XMLTools.getChildByName("to", SLDNS_EXT, element);
        final ParameterValueType to = createParameterValueType(toElt);

        final PolygonColorMapEntry colorMapEntry = new PolygonColorMapEntry_Impl(fill, stroke, label, from, to);

        return colorMapEntry;
    }

    private static LineColorMapEntry createLineColorMapEntry(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // <Stroke>
        Stroke stroke = null;
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        // <label>
        final Element labelElt = XMLTools.getChildByName("label", SLDNS_EXT, element);
        final ParameterValueType label = createParameterValueType(labelElt);

        // <quantity>
        final Element quantityElt = XMLTools.getChildByName("quantity", SLDNS_EXT, element);
        final ParameterValueType quantity = createParameterValueType(quantityElt);

        final LineColorMapEntry colorMapEntry = new LineColorMapEntry_Impl(stroke, label, quantity);

        return colorMapEntry;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Geometry</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'Geometry'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * FIXME: Add support for 'Function'-Elements.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Geometry'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Geometry</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Geometry createGeometry(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        final Element propertyNameElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("PropertyName", SLDFactory.NS_OGC,
                element);
        final PropertyName propertyName = (PropertyName) PropertyName.buildFromDOM(propertyNameElement);
        return new Geometry_Impl(propertyName);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Fill</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Fill'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Fill'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Fill</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Fill createFill(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <GraphicFill>
        GraphicFill graphicFill = null;
        final Element graphicFillElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("GraphicFill", NS.SLD, element);

        if (graphicFillElement != null) {
            graphicFill = SLDFactory.createGraphicFill(urlResolver, graphicFillElement);
        }

        // optional: <CssParameter>s
        final ElementList nl = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("CssParameter", NS.SLD, element);
        final HashMap<String, CssParameter> cssParams = new HashMap<>(nl.getLength());

        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            final CssParameter cssParam = SLDFactory.createCssParameter(nl.item(i));
            cssParams.put(cssParam.getName(), cssParam);
        }

        return new Fill_Impl(cssParams, graphicFill);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>LegendGraphic</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'LegendGraphic'-element.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'LegendGraphic'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Graphic</tt> -instance
     */
    public static LegendGraphic createLegendGraphic(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Graphic>
        final Element graphicElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("Graphic", NS.SLD, element);
        final Graphic graphic = SLDFactory.createGraphic(urlResolver, graphicElement);

        return new LegendGraphic_Impl(graphic);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an <tt>ExternalGraphic</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'ExternalGraphic'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'ExternalGraphic'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>ExternalGraphic</tt> -instance
     */
    private static ExternalGraphic createExternalGraphic(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <OnlineResource>
        final Element onlineResourceElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("OnlineResource", NS.SLD, element);

        final String href = XMLTools.getRequiredAttrValue("href", NS.XLINK, onlineResourceElement); //$NON-NLS-1$

        // required: <Format> (in <OnlineResource>)
        final String format = XMLTools.getRequiredStringValue("Format", NS.SLD, element);

        return new ExternalGraphic_Impl(urlResolver, format, href);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Mark</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Mark'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Mark'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Mark</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Mark createMark(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        Stroke stroke = null;
        Fill fill = null;

        // optional: <WellKnownName>
        final String wkn = XMLTools.getStringValue("WellKnownName", NS.SLD, element, null);

        // optional: <Stroke>
        final Element strokeElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Stroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (strokeElement != null) {
            stroke = SLDFactory.createStroke(urlResolver, strokeElement);
        }

        // optional: <Fill>
        final Element fillElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Fill", NS.SLD, element);

        if (fillElement != null) {
            fill = SLDFactory.createFill(urlResolver, fillElement);
        }

        return new Mark_Impl(wkn, stroke, fill);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Stroke</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given 'Stroke'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Stroke'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Stroke</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Stroke createStroke(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        GraphicFill gf = null;
        GraphicStroke gs = null;

        // optional: <GraphicFill>
        final Element gfElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("GraphicFill", NS.SLD, element);

        if (gfElement != null) {
            gf = SLDFactory.createGraphicFill(urlResolver, gfElement);
        }

        // optional: <GraphicStroke>
        final Element gsElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("GraphicStroke", NS.SLD, element);

        if (gsElement != null) {
            gs = SLDFactory.createGraphicStroke(urlResolver, gsElement);
        }

        // optional: <CssParameter>s
        final ElementList nl = XMLTools.getChildElementsByName("CssParameter", NS.SLD, element);
        final HashMap<String, CssParameter> cssParams = new HashMap<>(nl.getLength());

        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            final CssParameter cssParam = SLDFactory.createCssParameter(nl.item(i));
            cssParams.put(cssParam.getName(), cssParam);
        }

        return new Stroke_Impl(cssParams, gs, gf);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>GraphicFill</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'GraphicFill'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'GraphicFill'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>GraphicFill</tt> -instance
     */
    private static GraphicFill createGraphicFill(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Graphic>
        final Element graphicElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("Graphic", NS.SLD, element);
        final Graphic graphic = SLDFactory.createGraphic(urlResolver, graphicElement);

        return new GraphicFill_Impl(graphic);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>GraphicStroke</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'GraphicStroke'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'GraphicStroke'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>GraphicStroke</tt> -instance
     */
    private static GraphicStroke createGraphicStroke(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: <Graphic>
        final Element graphicElement = XMLTools.getRequiredChildByName("Graphic", NS.SLD, element);
        final Graphic graphic = SLDFactory.createGraphic(urlResolver, graphicElement);

        return new GraphicStroke_Impl(graphic);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>Graphic</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'Graphic'-element.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'Graphic'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>Graphic</tt> -instance
     */
    private static Graphic createGraphic(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element)
            throws XMLParsingException {
        // optional: <Opacity>
        ParameterValueType opacity = null;
        // optional: <Size>
        ParameterValueType size = null;
        // optional: <Rotation>
        ParameterValueType rotation = null;

        // optional: <ExternalGraphic>s / <Mark>s
        final NodeList nodelist = element.getChildNodes();
        final List<Object> marksAndExtGraphicsList = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.getLength(); i++) {
            if (nodelist.item(i) instanceof Element) {
                final Element child = (Element) nodelist.item(i);
                final String namespace = child.getNamespaceURI();

                if (!NS.SLD.equals(namespace))
                    continue;

                final String childName = child.getLocalName();
                if ("ExternalGraphic".equals(childName))
                    marksAndExtGraphicsList.add(SLDFactory.createExternalGraphic(urlResolver, child));
                else if ("Mark".equals(childName))
                    marksAndExtGraphicsList.add(SLDFactory.createMark(urlResolver, child));
                else if ("Opacity".equals(childName))
                    opacity = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(child);
                else if ("Size".equals(childName))
                    size = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(child);
                else if ("Rotation".equals(childName))
                    rotation = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(child);
            }
        }

        final Object[] marksAndExtGraphics = marksAndExtGraphicsList
                .toArray(new Object[marksAndExtGraphicsList.size()]);

        return new Graphic_Impl(marksAndExtGraphics, opacity, size, rotation);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>CssParameter</tt> -instance according to the contents of the DOM-subtree starting at the given
     * 'CssParameter'- <tt>Element</tt>.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param element
     *          the 'CssParamter'- <tt>Element</tt>
     * @throws XMLParsingException
     *           if a syntactic or semantic error in the DOM-subtree is encountered
     * @return the constructed <tt>CssParameter</tt> -instance
     */
    private static CssParameter createCssParameter(final Element element) throws XMLParsingException {
        // required: name-Attribute
        final String name = XMLTools.getRequiredAttrValue("name", element);
        final ParameterValueType pvt = SLDFactory.createParameterValueType(element);

        return new CssParameter_Impl(name, pvt);
    }

    private static RasterSymbolizer createRasterSymbolizer(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) {
        try {
            final Element colorMapElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("ColorMap", NS.SLD, element);
            final SortedMap<Double, ColorMapEntry> colorMap = createColorMap(colorMapElement);

            final Element imageOutlineElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("ImageOutline", NS.SLD, element);
            final Symbolizer imageOutline = createImageOutline(urlResolver, imageOutlineElement, uom);

            final Element shadedReliefElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("ShadedRelief", NS.SLD, element);
            final ShadedRelief shadedRelief = createShadedRelief(shadedReliefElement);

            final Element opacityElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("Opacity", NS.SLD, element);
            final ParameterValueType opacity = createParameterValueType(opacityElement);

            return new RasterSymbolizer_Impl(opacity, colorMap, imageOutline, shadedRelief);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static SortedMap<Double, ColorMapEntry> createColorMap(final Element colorMapElement) {
        final SortedMap<Double, ColorMapEntry> colorMap = new TreeMap<>();
        if (colorMapElement == null)
            return null;

        final NodeList entryNodes = colorMapElement.getChildNodes();
        for (int i = 0; i < entryNodes.getLength(); i++) {
            final Node entryNode = entryNodes.item(i);
            final String nodeName = entryNode.getNodeName();
            final String namespaceUri = entryNode.getNamespaceURI();

            if (entryNode instanceof Element && NS.SLD.equals(namespaceUri) && "ColorMapEntry".equals(nodeName)) //$NON-NLS-1$
            {
                final Element entryElement = (Element) entryNode;
                final String colorAttribute = entryElement.getAttribute("color"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                final String opacityAttribite = entryElement.getAttribute("opacity"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                final String quantityAttribute = entryElement.getAttribute("quantity"); //$NON-NLS-1$
                final String labelAttribute = entryElement.getAttribute("label"); //$NON-NLS-1$

                final Color color = Color.decode(colorAttribute);
                final Double opacity = NumberUtils.toDouble(opacityAttribite, 1.0);
                final Double quantity = NumberUtils.toDouble(quantityAttribute, Double.NaN);
                final String label = StringUtils.trimToEmpty(labelAttribute);

                if (Double.isNaN(quantity))
                    System.err.println(
                            String.format("SLD-Parser: skipping quantity '%s', not a number.", quantityAttribute));
                else {
                    final ColorMapEntry colorMapEntryObject = new ColorMapEntry_Impl(color, opacity, quantity,
                            label);
                    colorMap.put(quantity, colorMapEntryObject);
                }
            }
        }

        return colorMap;
    }

    private static ShadedRelief createShadedRelief(final Element element) {
        if (element == null)
            return null;

        final String brightnessOnlyString = XMLTools.getStringValue("BrightnessOnly", NS.SLD, element, null);
        final Boolean brightnessOnly = brightnessOnlyString == null ? null
                : DatatypeConverter.parseBoolean(brightnessOnlyString);

        final String reliefFactorString = XMLTools.getStringValue("ReliefFactor", NS.SLD, element, null);
        final Double reliefFactor = reliefFactorString == null ? null
                : DatatypeConverter.parseDouble(reliefFactorString);

        return new ShadedRelief(brightnessOnly, reliefFactor);
    }

    private static Symbolizer createImageOutline(final IUrlResolver2 urlResolver, final Element element,
            final UOM uom) throws XMLParsingException {
        if (element == null)
            return null;

        final Element lineSymbolizerElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("LineSymbolizer", NS.SLD, element);
        if (lineSymbolizerElement != null)
            return createLineSymbolizer(urlResolver, lineSymbolizerElement, uom);

        final Element polygonSymbolizerElement = XMLTools.getChildByName("PolygonSymbolizer", NS.SLD, element);
        if (polygonSymbolizerElement != null)
            return createPolygonSymbolizer(urlResolver, polygonSymbolizerElement, uom);

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Marshalls an sld element as xml-string, including a xml header
     */
    public static String marshallObject(final Marshallable marshallable, final String charset) {
        final String sldXML = marshallable.exportAsXML();
        //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
        return "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"" + charset + "\"?>" + sldXML;
    }
}