org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.java Source code

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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2004 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.jdbc.core;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.core.CollectionFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException;
import org.springframework.dao.TypeMismatchDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcAccessor;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.KeyHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.nativejdbc.NativeJdbcExtractor;

/**
 * <b>This is the central class in the JDBC core package.</b>
 * It simplifies the use of JDBC and helps to avoid common errors.
 * It executes core JDBC workflow, leaving application code to provide SQL
 * and extract results. This class executes SQL queries or updates, initiating
 * iteration over ResultSets and catching JDBC exceptions and translating
 * them to the generic, more informative exception hierarchy defined in the
 * org.springframework.dao package.
 *
 * <p>Code using this class need only implement callback interfaces, giving
 * them a clearly defined contract. The PreparedStatementCreator callback
 * interface creates a prepared statement given a Connection provided by this
 * class, providing SQL and any necessary parameters. The RowCallbackHandler
 * interface extracts values from each row of a ResultSet.
 *
 * <p>Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation
 * with a DataSource reference, or get prepared in an application context
 * and given to services as bean reference. Note: The DataSource should
 * always be configured as a bean in the application context, in the first case
 * given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.
 *
 * <p>The motivation and design of this class is discussed
 * in detail in
 * <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0764543857/">Expert One-On-One J2EE Design and Development</a>
 * by Rod Johnson (Wrox, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Because this class is parameterizable by the callback interfaces and
 * the SQLExceptionTranslator interface, it isn't necessary to subclass it.
 * All SQL issued by this class is logged.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Yann Caroff
 * @author Thomas Risberg
 * @author Isabelle Muszynski
 * @since May 3, 2001
 * @see ResultSetExtractor
 * @see RowCallbackHandler
 * @see RowMapper
 * @see org.springframework.dao
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.object
 */
public class JdbcTemplate extends JdbcAccessor implements JdbcOperations, InitializingBean {

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    /** Custom NativeJdbcExtractor */
    private NativeJdbcExtractor nativeJdbcExtractor;

    /** If this variable is false, we will throw exceptions on SQL warnings */
    private boolean ignoreWarnings = true;

    /** 
     * If this variable is set to a non-zero value it will be used for setting the fetchSize on
     * statements used for query processing.
     */
    private int fetchSize = 0;

    /**
     * Construct a new JdbcTemplate for bean usage.
     * Note: The DataSource has to be set before using the instance.
     * This constructor can be used to prepare a JdbcTemplate via a BeanFactory,
     * typically setting the DataSource via setDataSource.
     * @see #setDataSource
     */
    public JdbcTemplate() {
    }

    /**
     * Construct a new JdbcTemplate, given a DataSource to obtain connections from.
     * Note: This will trigger eager initialization of the exception translator.
     * @param dataSource JDBC DataSource to obtain connections from
     */
    public JdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
        setDataSource(dataSource);
        afterPropertiesSet();
    }

    /**
     * Set a NativeJdbcExtractor to extract native JDBC objects from wrapped handles.
     * Useful if native Statement and/or ResultSet handles are expected for casting
     * to database-specific implementation classes, but a connection pool that wraps
     * JDBC objects is used (note: <i>any</i> pool will return wrapped Connections).
     */
    public void setNativeJdbcExtractor(NativeJdbcExtractor extractor) {
        this.nativeJdbcExtractor = extractor;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current NativeJdbcExtractor implementation.
     */
    public NativeJdbcExtractor getNativeJdbcExtractor() {
        return this.nativeJdbcExtractor;
    }

    /**
     * Set whether or not we want to ignore SQLWarnings.
     * Default is true.
     */
    public void setIgnoreWarnings(boolean ignoreWarnings) {
        this.ignoreWarnings = ignoreWarnings;
    }

    /**
     * Return whether or not we ignore SQLWarnings.
     * Default is true.
     */
    public boolean getIgnoreWarnings() {
        return ignoreWarnings;
    }

    /**
     * Set the fetch size for this JdbcTemplate. This is important for processing
     * large ResultSets. Setting this higher than the default value will increase
     * processing speed at the cost of memory consumption.
     * <p>Default is 0, indicating to use the driver's default.
     */
    public void setFetchSize(int fetchSize) {
        this.fetchSize = fetchSize;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current fetch size specified for this JdbcTemplate.
     */
    public int getFetchSize() {
        return fetchSize;
    }

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Methods dealing with static SQL (java.sql.Statement)
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public Object execute(final StatementCallback action) {
        Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(getDataSource());
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            Connection conToUse = con;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null
                    && this.nativeJdbcExtractor.isNativeConnectionNecessaryForNativeStatements()) {
                conToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeConnection(con);
            }
            stmt = conToUse.createStatement();
            DataSourceUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(stmt, getDataSource());
            Statement stmtToUse = stmt;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                stmtToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeStatement(stmt);
            }
            Object result = action.doInStatement(stmtToUse);
            SQLWarning warning = stmt.getWarnings();
            throwExceptionOnWarningIfNotIgnoringWarnings(warning);
            return result;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("executing StatementCallback", getSql(action), ex);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.closeStatement(stmt);
            DataSourceUtils.closeConnectionIfNecessary(con, getDataSource());
        }
    }

    public void execute(final String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Executing SQL statement [" + sql + "]");
        }
        class ExecuteStatementCallback implements StatementCallback, SqlProvider {
            public Object doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
                stmt.execute(sql);
                return null;
            }

            public String getSql() {
                return sql;
            }
        }
        execute(new ExecuteStatementCallback());
    }

    public Object query(final String sql, final ResultSetExtractor rse) throws DataAccessException {
        if (sql == null) {
            throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("SQL must not be null");
        }
        if (JdbcUtils.countParameterPlaceholders(sql, '?', "'\"") > 0) {
            throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(
                    "Cannot execute [" + sql + "] as a static query: it contains bind variables");
        }
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Executing SQL query [" + sql + "]");
        }
        class QueryStatementCallback implements StatementCallback, SqlProvider {
            public Object doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                    if (getFetchSize() > 0)
                        stmt.setFetchSize(getFetchSize());
                    rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
                    ResultSet rsToUse = rs;
                    if (nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                        rsToUse = nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeResultSet(rs);
                    }
                    return rse.extractData(rsToUse);
                } finally {
                    JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
                }
            }

            public String getSql() {
                return sql;
            }
        }
        return execute(new QueryStatementCallback());
    }

    public List query(String sql, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
        return (List) query(sql, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
    }

    public List query(String sql, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, new RowMapperResultReader(rowMapper));
    }

    public List queryForList(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        return (List) query(sql, new ListResultSetExtractor());
    }

    public Object queryForObject(String sql, Class requiredType) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, new ObjectResultSetExtractor(requiredType));
    }

    public long queryForLong(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        Number number = (Number) queryForObject(sql, Number.class);
        return (number != null ? number.longValue() : 0);
    }

    public int queryForInt(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        Number number = (Number) queryForObject(sql, Number.class);
        return (number != null ? number.intValue() : 0);
    }

    public int update(final String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Executing SQL update [" + sql + "]");
        }
        class UpdateStatementCallback implements StatementCallback, SqlProvider {
            public Object doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
                int rows = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("SQL update affected " + rows + " rows");
                }
                return new Integer(rows);
            }

            public String getSql() {
                return sql;
            }
        }
        return ((Integer) execute(new UpdateStatementCallback())).intValue();
    }

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Methods dealing with prepared statements
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //execute?????????PreparedStatementCallback
    public Object execute(PreparedStatementCreator psc, PreparedStatementCallback action) {
        //??
        Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(getDataSource());
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            Connection conToUse = con;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null
                    && this.nativeJdbcExtractor.isNativeConnectionNecessaryForNativePreparedStatements()) {
                conToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeConnection(con);
            }
            ps = psc.createPreparedStatement(conToUse);
            DataSourceUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(ps, getDataSource());
            PreparedStatement psToUse = ps;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                psToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativePreparedStatement(ps);
            }
            //
            Object result = action.doInPreparedStatement(psToUse);
            SQLWarning warning = ps.getWarnings();
            //???
            throwExceptionOnWarningIfNotIgnoringWarnings(warning);
            return result;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("executing PreparedStatementCallback [" + psc + "]",
                    getSql(psc), ex);
        } finally {//?
            if (psc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
                ((ParameterDisposer) psc).cleanupParameters();
            }
            JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);
            DataSourceUtils.closeConnectionIfNecessary(con, getDataSource());
        }
    }

    public Object execute(final String sql, PreparedStatementCallback action) {
        return execute(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), action);
    }

    /**
     * Query using a prepared statement, allowing for a PreparedStatementCreator
     * and a PreparedStatementSetter. Most other query methods use this method,
     * but application code will always work with either a creator or a setter.
     * @param psc Callback handler that can create a PreparedStatement given a
     * Connection
     * @param pss object that knows how to set values on the prepared statement.
     * If this is null, the SQL will be assumed to contain no bind parameters.
     * @param rse object that will extract results.
     * @return an arbitrary result object, as returned by the ResultSetExtractor
     * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem
     */
    protected Object query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, final PreparedStatementSetter pss,
            final ResultSetExtractor rse) throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            String sql = getSql(psc);
            logger.debug("Executing SQL query" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));
        }
        return execute(psc, new PreparedStatementCallback() {
            public Object doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                    if (pss != null) {
                        pss.setValues(ps);
                    }
                    if (getFetchSize() > 0) {
                        ps.setFetchSize(getFetchSize());
                    }
                    rs = ps.executeQuery();
                    ResultSet rsToUse = rs;
                    if (nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                        rsToUse = nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeResultSet(rs);
                    }
                    //??pojo
                    return rse.extractData(rsToUse);
                } finally {
                    JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
                    if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
                        ((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public Object query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, ResultSetExtractor rse) {
        return query(psc, null, rse);
    }

    public Object query(final String sql, final PreparedStatementSetter pss, final ResultSetExtractor rse)
            throws DataAccessException {
        if (sql == null) {
            throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("SQL may not be null");
        }
        return query(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), pss, rse);
    }

    public Object query(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, ResultSetExtractor rse) {
        //ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter???
        return query(sql, new ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes), rse);
    }

    public Object query(String sql, Object[] args, ResultSetExtractor rse) {
        return query(sql, new ArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rse);
    }

    public List query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
        return (List) query(psc, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
    }

    public List query(String sql, final PreparedStatementSetter pss, final RowCallbackHandler rch)
            throws DataAccessException {
        return (List) query(sql, pss, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
    }

    public List query(String sql, final Object[] args, final int[] argTypes, RowCallbackHandler rch)
            throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, new ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes), rch);
    }

    public List query(String sql, final Object[] args, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, new ArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rch);
    }

    public List query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(psc, new RowMapperResultReader(rowMapper));
    }

    public List query(String sql, PreparedStatementSetter pss, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, pss, new RowMapperResultReader(rowMapper));
    }

    public List query(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, args, argTypes, new RowMapperResultReader(rowMapper));
    }

    public List query(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, args, new RowMapperResultReader(rowMapper));
    }

    public List queryForList(String sql, final Object[] args) throws DataAccessException {
        return (List) query(sql, new ArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), new ListResultSetExtractor());
    }

    public Object queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, Class requiredType) throws DataAccessException {
        return query(sql, new ArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), new ObjectResultSetExtractor(requiredType));
    }

    public long queryForLong(String sql, final Object[] args) throws DataAccessException {
        Number number = (Number) queryForObject(sql, args, Number.class);
        return (number != null ? number.longValue() : 0);
    }

    public int queryForInt(String sql, final Object[] args) throws DataAccessException {
        Number number = (Number) queryForObject(sql, args, Number.class);
        return (number != null ? number.intValue() : 0);
    }

    protected int update(final PreparedStatementCreator psc, final PreparedStatementSetter pss)
            throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            String sql = getSql(psc);
            logger.debug("Executing SQL update" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));
        }
        Integer result = (Integer) execute(psc, new PreparedStatementCallback() {
            public Object doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
                try {
                    if (pss != null) {
                        //PreparedStatement?
                        pss.setValues(ps);
                    }
                    int rows = ps.executeUpdate();
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("SQL update affected " + rows + " rows");
                    }
                    return new Integer(rows);
                } finally {
                    if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
                        ((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        return result.intValue();
    }

    public int update(PreparedStatementCreator psc) throws DataAccessException {
        return update(psc, (PreparedStatementSetter) null);
    }

    public int update(final PreparedStatementCreator psc, final KeyHolder generatedKeyHolder)
            throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            String sql = getSql(psc);
            logger.debug(
                    "Executing SQL update and returning generated keys" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));
        }
        Integer result = (Integer) execute(psc, new PreparedStatementCallback() {
            public Object doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
                int rows = ps.executeUpdate();
                List generatedKeys = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList();
                generatedKeys.clear();
                ResultSet keys = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
                if (keys != null) {
                    ListResultSetExtractor lrse = new ListResultSetExtractor();
                    generatedKeys.addAll((List) lrse.extractData(keys));
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug(
                            "SQL update affected " + rows + " rows and returned " + generatedKeys.size() + " keys");
                }
                return new Integer(rows);
            }
        });
        return result.intValue();
    }

    public int update(String sql, final PreparedStatementSetter pss) throws DataAccessException {
        //SimplePreparedStatementCreatorsql?
        return update(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), pss);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param sql SQL, containing bind parameters sql?
     * @param args arguments to bind to the query ?
     * @param argTypes SQL types of the arguments (constants from java.sql.Types) ?
     * @return
     * @throws DataAccessException
     */
    public int update(String sql, final Object[] args, final int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
        //???ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter
        return update(sql, new ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes));
    }

    public int update(String sql, final Object[] args) throws DataAccessException {
        return update(sql, new ArgPreparedStatementSetter(args));
    }

    public int[] batchUpdate(String sql, final BatchPreparedStatementSetter pss) throws DataAccessException {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Executing SQL batch update [" + sql + "]");
        }
        return (int[]) execute(sql, new PreparedStatementCallback() {
            public Object doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
                int batchSize = pss.getBatchSize();
                DatabaseMetaData dbmd = ps.getConnection().getMetaData();
                try {
                    boolean supportsBatchUpdates = false;
                    try {
                        if (dbmd != null) {
                            if (dbmd.supportsBatchUpdates()) {
                                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                    logger.debug("Batch Updates supported for [" + dbmd.getDriverName() + " "
                                            + dbmd.getDriverVersion() + "]");
                                }
                                supportsBatchUpdates = true;
                            } else {
                                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                    logger.debug("Batch Updates are not supported for [" + dbmd.getDriverName()
                                            + " " + dbmd.getDriverVersion() + "]");
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (AbstractMethodError ame) {
                        logger.warn("Driver does not support JDBC 2.0 method supportsBatchUpdatres ["
                                + dbmd.getDriverName() + " " + dbmd.getDriverVersion() + "]");
                    }
                    if (supportsBatchUpdates) {
                        for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
                            pss.setValues(ps, i);
                            ps.addBatch();
                        }
                        return ps.executeBatch();
                    } else {
                        int[] rowsAffected = new int[batchSize];
                        for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
                            pss.setValues(ps, i);
                            rowsAffected[i] = ps.executeUpdate();
                        }
                        return rowsAffected;
                    }
                } finally {
                    if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
                        ((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Methods dealing with callable statements
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public Object execute(CallableStatementCreator csc, CallableStatementCallback action) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            String sql = getSql(csc);
            logger.debug("Calling stored procedure" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));
        }
        Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(getDataSource());
        CallableStatement cs = null;
        try {
            Connection conToUse = con;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null
                    && this.nativeJdbcExtractor.isNativeConnectionNecessaryForNativeCallableStatements()) {
                conToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeConnection(con);
            }
            cs = csc.createCallableStatement(conToUse);
            DataSourceUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(cs, getDataSource());
            CallableStatement csToUse = cs;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                csToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeCallableStatement(cs);
            }
            Object result = action.doInCallableStatement(csToUse);
            SQLWarning warning = cs.getWarnings();
            throwExceptionOnWarningIfNotIgnoringWarnings(warning);
            return result;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("executing CallableStatementCallback [" + csc + "]",
                    getSql(csc), ex);
        } finally {
            if (csc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
                ((ParameterDisposer) csc).cleanupParameters();
            }
            JdbcUtils.closeStatement(cs);
            DataSourceUtils.closeConnectionIfNecessary(con, getDataSource());
        }
    }

    public Object execute(final String callString, CallableStatementCallback action) {
        return execute(new SimpleCallableStatementCreator(callString), action);
    }

    public Map call(CallableStatementCreator csc, final List declaredParameters) throws DataAccessException {
        return (Map) execute(csc, new CallableStatementCallback() {
            public Object doInCallableStatement(CallableStatement cs) throws SQLException {
                boolean retVal = cs.execute();
                int updateCount = cs.getUpdateCount();
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("CallableStatement.execute returned [" + retVal + "]");
                    logger.debug("CallableStatement.getUpdateCount returned [" + updateCount + "]");
                }
                Map returnedResults = new HashMap();
                if (retVal || updateCount != -1) {
                    returnedResults.putAll(extractReturnedResultSets(cs, declaredParameters, updateCount));
                }
                returnedResults.putAll(extractOutputParameters(cs, declaredParameters));
                return returnedResults;
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Extract returned ResultSets from the completed stored procedure.
     * @param cs JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
     * @param parameters Parameter list for the stored procedure
     * @return Map that contains returned results
     */
    protected Map extractReturnedResultSets(CallableStatement cs, List parameters, int updateCount)
            throws SQLException {
        Map returnedResults = new HashMap();
        int rsIndex = 0;
        boolean moreResults;
        do {
            if (updateCount == -1) {
                Object param = null;
                if (parameters != null && parameters.size() > rsIndex) {
                    param = parameters.get(rsIndex);
                }
                if (param instanceof SqlReturnResultSet) {
                    SqlReturnResultSet rsParam = (SqlReturnResultSet) param;
                    returnedResults.putAll(processResultSet(cs.getResultSet(), rsParam));
                } else {
                    logger.warn("ResultSet returned from stored procedure but a corresponding "
                            + "SqlReturnResultSet parameter was not declared");
                }
                rsIndex++;
            }
            moreResults = cs.getMoreResults();
            updateCount = cs.getUpdateCount();
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("CallableStatement.getUpdateCount returned [" + updateCount + "]");
            }
        } while (moreResults || updateCount != -1);
        return returnedResults;
    }

    /**
     * Extract output parameters from the completed stored procedure.
     * @param cs JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
     * @param parameters parameter list for the stored procedure
     * @return parameters to the stored procedure
     * @return Map that contains returned results
     */
    protected Map extractOutputParameters(CallableStatement cs, List parameters) throws SQLException {
        Map returnedResults = new HashMap();
        int sqlColIndex = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < parameters.size(); i++) {
            Object param = parameters.get(i);
            if (param instanceof SqlOutParameter) {
                SqlOutParameter outParam = (SqlOutParameter) param;
                if (outParam.isReturnTypeSupported()) {
                    Object out = outParam.getSqlReturnType().getTypeValue(cs, sqlColIndex, outParam.getSqlType(),
                            outParam.getTypeName());
                    returnedResults.put(outParam.getName(), out);
                } else {
                    Object out = cs.getObject(sqlColIndex);
                    if (out instanceof ResultSet) {
                        if (outParam.isResultSetSupported()) {
                            returnedResults.putAll(processResultSet((ResultSet) out, outParam));
                        } else {
                            logger.warn("ResultSet returned from stored procedure but a corresponding "
                                    + "SqlOutParameter with a RowCallbackHandler was not declared");
                            returnedResults.put(outParam.getName(), "ResultSet was returned but not processed.");
                        }
                    } else {
                        returnedResults.put(outParam.getName(), out);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!(param instanceof SqlReturnResultSet)) {
                sqlColIndex++;
            }
        }
        return returnedResults;
    }

    /**
     * Process the given ResultSet from a stored procedure.
     * @param rs the ResultSet to process
     * @param param the corresponding stored procedure parameter
     * @return Map that contains returned results
     */
    protected Map processResultSet(ResultSet rs, ResultSetSupportingSqlParameter param) throws SQLException {
        Map returnedResults = new HashMap();
        try {
            ResultSet rsToUse = rs;
            if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
                rsToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeResultSet(rs);
            }
            if (param.isRowCallbackHandlerSupported()) {
                // It's a RowCallbackHandler or RowMapper.
                // We'll get a RowCallbackHandler to use in both cases.
                RowCallbackHandler rch = param.getRowCallbackHandler();
                (new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch)).extractData(rsToUse);
                if (rch instanceof ResultReader) {
                    returnedResults.put(param.getName(), ((ResultReader) rch).getResults());
                } else {
                    returnedResults.put(param.getName(), "ResultSet returned from stored procedure was processed.");
                }
            } else {
                // It's a ResultSetExtractor - simply apply it.
                Object result = param.getResultSetExtractor().extractData(rsToUse);
                returnedResults.put(param.getName(), result);
            }
        } finally {
            JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
        }
        return returnedResults;
    }

    /**
     * Throw an SQLWarningException if we're not ignoring warnings.
     * @param warning warning from current statement. May be null,
     * in which case this method does nothing.
     */
    private void throwExceptionOnWarningIfNotIgnoringWarnings(SQLWarning warning) throws SQLWarningException {
        if (warning != null) {
            if (this.ignoreWarnings) {
                logger.warn("SQLWarning ignored: " + warning);
            } else {
                throw new SQLWarningException("Warning not ignored", warning);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine SQL from potential provider object.
     * @param sqlProvider object that's potentially a SqlProvider
     * @return the SQL string, or null
     * @see SqlProvider
     */
    private String getSql(Object sqlProvider) {
        if (sqlProvider instanceof SqlProvider) {
            return ((SqlProvider) sqlProvider).getSql();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple adapter for PreparedStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
     */
    private static class SimplePreparedStatementCreator implements PreparedStatementCreator, SqlProvider {

        private final String sql;

        public SimplePreparedStatementCreator(String sql) {
            this.sql = sql;
        }

        public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection con) throws SQLException {
            return con.prepareStatement(this.sql);
        }

        public String getSql() {
            return sql;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple adapter for CallableStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
     */
    private static class SimpleCallableStatementCreator implements CallableStatementCreator, SqlProvider {

        private final String callString;

        public SimpleCallableStatementCreator(String callString) {
            this.callString = callString;
        }

        public CallableStatement createCallableStatement(Connection con) throws SQLException {
            return con.prepareCall(this.callString);
        }

        public String getSql() {
            return callString;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Simple adapter for PreparedStatementSetter that applies
     * a given array of arguments.
     */
    private static class ArgPreparedStatementSetter implements PreparedStatementSetter, ParameterDisposer {

        private final Object[] args;

        public ArgPreparedStatementSetter(Object[] args) {
            this.args = args;
        }

        public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
            if (this.args != null) {
                for (int i = 0; i < this.args.length; i++) {
                    StatementCreatorUtils.setParameterValue(ps, i + 1, SqlTypeValue.TYPE_UNKNOWN, null,
                            this.args[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        public void cleanupParameters() {
            StatementCreatorUtils.cleanupParameters(this.args);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple adapter for PreparedStatementSetter that applies
     * given arrays of arguments and JDBC argument types.
     */
    private static class ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter implements PreparedStatementSetter, ParameterDisposer {

        private final Object[] args;

        private final int[] argTypes;

        public ArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(Object[] args, int[] argTypes) {
            if ((args != null && argTypes == null) || (args == null && argTypes != null)
                    || (args != null && args.length != argTypes.length)) {
                throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("args and argTypes parameters must match");
            }
            this.args = args;
            this.argTypes = argTypes;
        }

        public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
            if (this.args != null) {
                //????????
                for (int i = 0; i < this.args.length; i++) {
                    StatementCreatorUtils.setParameterValue(ps, i + 1, this.argTypes[i], null, this.args[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        public void cleanupParameters() {
            StatementCreatorUtils.cleanupParameters(this.args);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adapter to enable use of a RowCallbackHandler inside a ResultSetExtractor.
     * <p>Uses a regular ResultSet, so we have to be careful when using it:
     * We don't use it for navigating since this could lead to unpredictable consequences.
     */
    private static class RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor implements ResultSetExtractor {

        private final RowCallbackHandler rch;

        public RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(RowCallbackHandler rch) {
            this.rch = rch;
        }

        public Object extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
            while (rs.next()) {
                this.rch.processRow(rs);
            }
            if (this.rch instanceof ResultReader) {
                return ((ResultReader) this.rch).getResults();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * ResultSetExtractor implementation that returns an ArrayList of HashMaps.
     */
    private static class ListResultSetExtractor implements ResultSetExtractor {

        public Object extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
            int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            List listOfRows = new ArrayList();
            while (rs.next()) {
                Map mapOfColValues = CollectionFactory.createLinkedMapIfPossible(numberOfColumns);
                for (int i = 1; i <= numberOfColumns; i++) {
                    mapOfColValues.put(rsmd.getColumnName(i), rs.getObject(i));
                }
                listOfRows.add(mapOfColValues);
            }
            return listOfRows;
        }
    }

    /**
     * ResultSetExtractor implementation that returns single result object.
     */
    private static class ObjectResultSetExtractor implements ResultSetExtractor {

        private final Class requiredType;

        public ObjectResultSetExtractor(Class requiredType) {
            this.requiredType = requiredType;
        }

        public Object extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
            int nrOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            if (nrOfColumns != 1) {
                throw new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException("Expected single column but found " + nrOfColumns,
                        1, nrOfColumns);
            }
            if (!rs.next()) {
                throw new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException("Expected single row but found none", 1, 0);
            }
            Object result = rs.getObject(1);
            if (rs.next()) {
                throw new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException("Expected single row but found more than one", 1,
                        -1);
            }
            if (result != null && this.requiredType != null && !this.requiredType.isInstance(result)) {
                if (String.class == this.requiredType) {
                    result = result.toString();
                } else if (Number.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType) && Number.class.isInstance(result)) {
                    try {
                        if (Byte.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Byte(((Number) result).byteValue());
                        } else if (Short.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Short(((Number) result).shortValue());
                        } else if (Integer.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Integer(((Number) result).intValue());
                        } else if (Long.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Long(((Number) result).longValue());
                        } else if (Float.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Float(((Number) result).floatValue());
                        } else if (Double.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new Double(((Number) result).doubleValue());
                        } else if (BigDecimal.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new BigDecimal(((Number) result).doubleValue());
                        } else if (BigInteger.class.isAssignableFrom(this.requiredType)) {
                            result = new BigInteger(result.toString());
                        } else {
                            throw new NumberFormatException("Could not convert [" + result + "] to required type ["
                                    + this.requiredType.getName() + "]");
                        }
                    } catch (NumberFormatException ne) {
                        throw new TypeMismatchDataAccessException("Result object (db-type=\""
                                + rsmd.getColumnTypeName(1) + "\" value=\"" + result + "\") is of type ["
                                + rsmd.getColumnClassName(1) + "] and could not be converted to required type ["
                                + this.requiredType.getName() + "]");
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new TypeMismatchDataAccessException(
                            "Result object (db-type=\"" + rsmd.getColumnTypeName(1) + "\" value=\"" + result
                                    + "\") is of type [" + rsmd.getColumnClassName(1)
                                    + "] and not of required type [" + this.requiredType.getName() + "]");
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

}