Arrays are sequences of objects of the same type.
We can declare an array of type char as follows:
int main() { char arr[5]; }
This example declares an array of 5 characters.
To declare an array of type int which holds five elements, we would use:
int main() { int arr[5]; }
To initialize an array, we can use the initialization list {}:
int main() { int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }; }
Initialization list in our example { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 } is marked with braces and elements separated by commas.
This initialization list initializes our array with the values in the list.
The first array element now has a value of 10; the second array element now has a value of 20 etc.
The last, fifth, array element now has a value of 50.
We can access individual array elements through a subscript [] operator and an index.
The first array element has an index of 0, and we access it via:
int main() { int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }; arr[0] = 100; // change the value of the first array element }
Since the indexing starts from 0 and not 1, the last array element has an index of 4:
int main() { int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }; arr[4] = 500; // change the value of the last array element }