Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation. : Base64 « Development Class « Java






Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.

     
//package org.nex.util;
/**
 * Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.
 *
 * <p>
 * Change Log:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 *  <li>v2.1 - Cleaned up javadoc comments and unused variables and methods. Added
 *   some convenience methods for reading and writing to and from files.</li>
 *  <li>v2.0.2 - Now specifies UTF-8 encoding in places where the code fails on systems
 *   with other encodings (like EBCDIC).</li>
 *  <li>v2.0.1 - Fixed an error when decoding a single byte, that is, when the
 *   encoded data was a single byte.</li>
 *  <li>v2.0 - I got rid of methods that used booleans to set options. 
 *   Now everything is more consolidated and cleaner. The code now detects
 *   when data that's being decoded is gzip-compressed and will decompress it
 *   automatically. Generally things are cleaner. You'll probably have to
 *   change some method calls that you were making to support the new
 *   options format (<tt>int</tt>s that you "OR" together).</li>
 *  <li>v1.5.1 - Fixed bug when decompressing and decoding to a             
 *   byte[] using <tt>decode( String s, boolean gzipCompressed )</tt>.      
 *   Added the ability to "suspend" encoding in the Output Stream so        
 *   you can turn on and off the encoding if you need to embed base64       
 *   data in an otherwise "normal" stream (like an XML file).</li>  
 *  <li>v1.5 - Output stream pases on flush() command but doesn't do anything itself.
 *      This helps when using GZIP streams.
 *      Added the ability to GZip-compress objects before encoding them.</li>
 *  <li>v1.4 - Added helper methods to read/write files.</li>
 *  <li>v1.3.6 - Fixed OutputStream.flush() so that 'position' is reset.</li>
 *  <li>v1.3.5 - Added flag to turn on and off line breaks. Fixed bug in input stream
 *      where last buffer being read, if not completely full, was not returned.</li>
 *  <li>v1.3.4 - Fixed when "improperly padded stream" error was thrown at the wrong time.</li>
 *  <li>v1.3.3 - Fixed I/O streams which were totally messed up.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will.
 * This software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with
 * plenty of well-wishing instead!
 * Please visit <a href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a>
 * periodically to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author Robert Harder
 * @author rob@iharder.net
 * @version 2.1
 */
public class Base64
{
    
/* ********  P U B L I C   F I E L D S  ******** */   
    
    
    /** No options specified. Value is zero. */
    public final static int NO_OPTIONS = 0;
    
    /** Specify encoding. */
    public final static int ENCODE = 1;
    
    
    /** Specify decoding. */
    public final static int DECODE = 0;
    
    
    /** Specify that data should be gzip-compressed. */
    public final static int GZIP = 2;
    
    
    /** Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification) */
    public final static int DONT_BREAK_LINES = 8;
    
    
/* ********  P R I V A T E   F I E L D S  ******** */  
    
    
    /** Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output. */
    private final static int MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 76;
    
    
    /** The equals sign (=) as a byte. */
    private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte)'=';
    
    
    /** The new line character (\n) as a byte. */
    private final static byte NEW_LINE = (byte)'\n';
    
    
    /** Preferred encoding. */
    private final static String PREFERRED_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
    
    
    /** The 64 valid Base64 values. */
    private final static byte[] ALPHABET;
    private final static byte[] _NATIVE_ALPHABET = /* May be something funny like EBCDIC */
    {
        (byte)'A', (byte)'B', (byte)'C', (byte)'D', (byte)'E', (byte)'F', (byte)'G',
        (byte)'H', (byte)'I', (byte)'J', (byte)'K', (byte)'L', (byte)'M', (byte)'N',
        (byte)'O', (byte)'P', (byte)'Q', (byte)'R', (byte)'S', (byte)'T', (byte)'U', 
        (byte)'V', (byte)'W', (byte)'X', (byte)'Y', (byte)'Z',
        (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', (byte)'d', (byte)'e', (byte)'f', (byte)'g',
        (byte)'h', (byte)'i', (byte)'j', (byte)'k', (byte)'l', (byte)'m', (byte)'n',
        (byte)'o', (byte)'p', (byte)'q', (byte)'r', (byte)'s', (byte)'t', (byte)'u', 
        (byte)'v', (byte)'w', (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z',
        (byte)'0', (byte)'1', (byte)'2', (byte)'3', (byte)'4', (byte)'5', 
        (byte)'6', (byte)'7', (byte)'8', (byte)'9', (byte)'+', (byte)'/'
    };
    
    /** Determine which ALPHABET to use. */
    static
    {
        byte[] __bytes;
        try
        {
            __bytes = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".getBytes( PREFERRED_ENCODING );
        }   // end try
        catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException use)
        {
            __bytes = _NATIVE_ALPHABET; // Fall back to native encoding
        }   // end catch
        ALPHABET = __bytes;
    }   // end static
    
    
    /** 
     * Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value
     * or a negative number indicating some other meaning.
     **/
    private final static byte[] DECODABET =
    {   
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,                 // Decimal  0 -  8
        -5,-5,                                      // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed
        -9,-9,                                      // Decimal 11 - 12
        -5,                                         // Whitespace: Carriage Return
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 14 - 26
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,                             // Decimal 27 - 31
        -5,                                         // Whitespace: Space
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,              // Decimal 33 - 42
        62,                                         // Plus sign at decimal 43
        -9,-9,-9,                                   // Decimal 44 - 46
        63,                                         // Slash at decimal 47
        52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,              // Numbers zero through nine
        -9,-9,-9,                                   // Decimal 58 - 60
        -1,                                         // Equals sign at decimal 61
        -9,-9,-9,                                      // Decimal 62 - 64
        0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,            // Letters 'A' through 'N'
        14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,        // Letters 'O' through 'Z'
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,                          // Decimal 91 - 96
        26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,     // Letters 'a' through 'm'
        39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,     // Letters 'n' through 'z'
        -9,-9,-9,-9                                 // Decimal 123 - 126
        /*,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 127 - 139
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 140 - 152
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 153 - 165
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 166 - 178
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 179 - 191
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 192 - 204
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 205 - 217
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 218 - 230
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,     // Decimal 231 - 243
        -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9         // Decimal 244 - 255 */
    };
    
    // I think I end up not using the BAD_ENCODING indicator.
    //private final static byte BAD_ENCODING    = -9; // Indicates error in encoding
    private final static byte WHITE_SPACE_ENC = -5; // Indicates white space in encoding
    private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN_ENC = -1; // Indicates equals sign in encoding

    
    /** Defeats instantiation. */
    private Base64(){}
    
    
    
/* ********  E N C O D I N G   M E T H O D S  ******** */    
    
    
    /**
     * Encodes up to the first three bytes of array <var>threeBytes</var>
     * and returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation.
     * The actual number of significant bytes in your array is
     * given by <var>numSigBytes</var>.
     * The array <var>threeBytes</var> needs only be as big as
     * <var>numSigBytes</var>.
     * Code can reuse a byte array by passing a four-byte array as <var>b4</var>.
     *
     * @param b4 A reusable byte array to reduce array instantiation
     * @param threeBytes the array to convert
     * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array
     * @return four byte array in Base64 notation.
     * @since 1.5.1
     */
    private static byte[] encode3to4( byte[] b4, byte[] threeBytes, int numSigBytes )
    {
        encode3to4( threeBytes, 0, numSigBytes, b4, 0 );
        return b4;
    }   // end encode3to4

    
    /**
     * Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var>
     * and writes the resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>.
     * The source and destination arrays can be manipulated
     * anywhere along their length by specifying 
     * <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>.
     * This method does not check to make sure your arrays
     * are large enough to accomodate <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for
     * the <var>source</var> array or <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for
     * the <var>destination</var> array.
     * The actual number of significant bytes in your array is
     * given by <var>numSigBytes</var>.
     *
     * @param source the array to convert
     * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins
     * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array
     * @param destination the array to hold the conversion
     * @param destOffset the index where output will be put
     * @return the <var>destination</var> array
     * @since 1.3
     */
    private static byte[] encode3to4( 
     byte[] source, int srcOffset, int numSigBytes,
     byte[] destination, int destOffset )
    {
        //           1         2         3  
        // 01234567890123456789012345678901 Bit position
        // --------000000001111111122222222 Array position from threeBytes
        // --------|    ||    ||    ||    | Six bit groups to index ALPHABET
        //          >>18  >>12  >> 6  >> 0  Right shift necessary
        //                0x3f  0x3f  0x3f  Additional AND
        
        // Create buffer with zero-padding if there are only one or two
        // significant bytes passed in the array.
        // We have to shift left 24 in order to flush out the 1's that appear
        // when Java treats a value as negative that is cast from a byte to an int.
        int inBuff =   ( numSigBytes > 0 ? ((source[ srcOffset     ] << 24) >>>  8) : 0 )
                     | ( numSigBytes > 1 ? ((source[ srcOffset + 1 ] << 24) >>> 16) : 0 )
                     | ( numSigBytes > 2 ? ((source[ srcOffset + 2 ] << 24) >>> 24) : 0 );

        switch( numSigBytes )
        {
            case 3:
                destination[ destOffset     ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 18)        ];
                destination[ destOffset + 1 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f ];
                destination[ destOffset + 2 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>>  6) & 0x3f ];
                destination[ destOffset + 3 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff       ) & 0x3f ];
                return destination;
                
            case 2:
                destination[ destOffset     ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 18)        ];
                destination[ destOffset + 1 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f ];
                destination[ destOffset + 2 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>>  6) & 0x3f ];
                destination[ destOffset + 3 ] = EQUALS_SIGN;
                return destination;
                
            case 1:
                destination[ destOffset     ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 18)        ];
                destination[ destOffset + 1 ] = ALPHABET[ (inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f ];
                destination[ destOffset + 2 ] = EQUALS_SIGN;
                destination[ destOffset + 3 ] = EQUALS_SIGN;
                return destination;
                
            default:
                return destination;
        }   // end switch
    }   // end encode3to4
    
    
    
    /**
     * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded
     * version of that serialized object. If the object
     * cannot be serialized or there is another error,
     * the method will return <tt>null</tt>.
     * The object is not GZip-compressed before being encoded.
     *
     * @param serializableObject The object to encode
     * @return The Base64-encoded object
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static String encodeObject( java.io.Serializable serializableObject )
    {
        return encodeObject( serializableObject, NO_OPTIONS );
    }   // end encodeObject
    


    /**
     * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded
     * version of that serialized object. If the object
     * cannot be serialized or there is another error,
     * the method will return <tt>null</tt>.
     * <p>
     * Valid options:<pre>
     *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
     *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
     *
     * @param serializableObject The object to encode
     * @param options Specified options
     * @return The Base64-encoded object
     * @see Base64#GZIP
     * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String encodeObject( java.io.Serializable serializableObject, int options )
    {
        // Streams
        java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream  baos  = null; 
        java.io.OutputStream           b64os = null; 
        java.io.ObjectOutputStream     oos   = null; 
        java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos  = null;
        
        // Isolate options
        int gzip           = (options & GZIP);
        int dontBreakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES);
        
        try
        {
            // ObjectOutputStream -> (GZIP) -> Base64 -> ByteArrayOutputStream
            baos  = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
            b64os = new Base64.OutputStream( baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines );
    
            // GZip?
            if( gzip == GZIP )
            {
                gzos = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream( b64os );
                oos  = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream( gzos );
            }   // end if: gzip
            else
                oos   = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream( b64os );
            
            oos.writeObject( serializableObject );
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }   // end catch
        finally
        {
            try{ oos.close();   } catch( Exception e ){}
            try{ gzos.close();  } catch( Exception e ){}
            try{ b64os.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
            try{ baos.close();  } catch( Exception e ){}
        }   // end finally
        
        // Return value according to relevant encoding.
        try 
        {
            return new String( baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING );
        }   // end try
        catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue)
        {
            return new String( baos.toByteArray() );
        }   // end catch
        
    }   // end encode
    
    

    /**
     * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
     * Does not GZip-compress data.
     *
     * @param source The data to convert
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static String encodeBytes( byte[] source )
    {
        return encodeBytes( source, 0, source.length, NO_OPTIONS );
    }   // end encodeBytes
    


    /**
     * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
     * <p>
     * Valid options:<pre>
     *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
     *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
     *
     *
     * @param source The data to convert
     * @param options Specified options
     * @see Base64#GZIP
     * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String encodeBytes( byte[] source, int options )
    {   
        return encodeBytes( source, 0, source.length, options );
    }   // end encodeBytes
    
    
    /**
     * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
     * Does not GZip-compress data.
     *
     * @param source The data to convert
     * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin
     * @param len Length of data to convert
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static String encodeBytes( byte[] source, int off, int len )
    {
        return encodeBytes( source, off, len, NO_OPTIONS );
    }   // end encodeBytes
    
    

    /**
     * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
     * <p>
     * Valid options:<pre>
     *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
     *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
     *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
     * <p>
     * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
     *
     *
     * @param source The data to convert
     * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin
     * @param len Length of data to convert
     * @param options Specified options
     * @see Base64#GZIP
     * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String encodeBytes( byte[] source, int off, int len, int options )
    {
        // Isolate options
        int dontBreakLines = ( options & DONT_BREAK_LINES );
        int gzip           = ( options & GZIP   );
        
        // Compress?
        if( gzip == GZIP )
        {
            java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream  baos  = null;
            java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos  = null;
            Base64.OutputStream            b64os = null;
            
    
            try
            {
                // GZip -> Base64 -> ByteArray
                baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
                b64os = new Base64.OutputStream( baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines );
                gzos  = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream( b64os ); 
            
                gzos.write( source, off, len );
                gzos.close();
            }   // end try
            catch( java.io.IOException e )
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }   // end catch
            finally
            {
                try{ gzos.close();  } catch( Exception e ){}
                try{ b64os.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
                try{ baos.close();  } catch( Exception e ){}
            }   // end finally

            // Return value according to relevant encoding.
            try
            {
                return new String( baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING );
            }   // end try
            catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue)
            {
                return new String( baos.toByteArray() );
            }   // end catch
        }   // end if: compress
        
        // Else, don't compress. Better not to use streams at all then.
        else
        {
            // Convert option to boolean in way that code likes it.
            boolean breakLines = dontBreakLines == 0;
            
            int    len43   = len * 4 / 3;
            byte[] outBuff = new byte[   ( len43 )                      // Main 4:3
                                       + ( (len % 3) > 0 ? 4 : 0 )      // Account for padding
                                       + (breakLines ? ( len43 / MAX_LINE_LENGTH ) : 0) ]; // New lines      
            int d = 0;
            int e = 0;
            int len2 = len - 2;
            int lineLength = 0;
            for( ; d < len2; d+=3, e+=4 )
            {
                encode3to4( source, d+off, 3, outBuff, e );

                lineLength += 4;
                if( breakLines && lineLength == MAX_LINE_LENGTH )
                {   
                    outBuff[e+4] = NEW_LINE;
                    e++;
                    lineLength = 0;
                }   // end if: end of line
            }   // en dfor: each piece of array

            if( d < len )
            {
                encode3to4( source, d+off, len - d, outBuff, e );
                e += 4;
            }   // end if: some padding needed

            
            // Return value according to relevant encoding.
            try
            {
                return new String( outBuff, 0, e, PREFERRED_ENCODING );
            }   // end try
            catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue)
            {
                return new String( outBuff, 0, e );
            }   // end catch
            
        }   // end else: don't compress
        
    }   // end encodeBytes
    

    
    
    
/* ********  D E C O D I N G   M E T H O D S  ******** */
    
    
    /**
     * Decodes four bytes from array <var>source</var>
     * and writes the resulting bytes (up to three of them)
     * to <var>destination</var>.
     * The source and destination arrays can be manipulated
     * anywhere along their length by specifying 
     * <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>.
     * This method does not check to make sure your arrays
     * are large enough to accomodate <var>srcOffset</var> + 4 for
     * the <var>source</var> array or <var>destOffset</var> + 3 for
     * the <var>destination</var> array.
     * This method returns the actual number of bytes that 
     * were converted from the Base64 encoding.
     * 
     *
     * @param source the array to convert
     * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins
     * @param destination the array to hold the conversion
     * @param destOffset the index where output will be put
     * @return the number of decoded bytes converted
     * @since 1.3
     */
    private static int decode4to3( byte[] source, int srcOffset, byte[] destination, int destOffset )
    {
        // Example: Dk==
        if( source[ srcOffset + 2] == EQUALS_SIGN )
        {
            // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
            //int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset    ] ] << 24 ) >>>  6 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 );
            int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset    ] ] & 0xFF ) << 18 )
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1] ] & 0xFF ) << 12 );
            
            destination[ destOffset ] = (byte)( outBuff >>> 16 );
            return 1;
        }
        
        // Example: DkL=
        else if( source[ srcOffset + 3 ] == EQUALS_SIGN )
        {
            // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
            //int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset     ] ] << 24 ) >>>  6 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 );
            int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset     ] ] & 0xFF ) << 18 )
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] & 0xFF ) << 12 )
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] & 0xFF ) <<  6 );
            
            destination[ destOffset     ] = (byte)( outBuff >>> 16 );
            destination[ destOffset + 1 ] = (byte)( outBuff >>>  8 );
            return 2;
        }
        
        // Example: DkLE
        else
        {
            try{
            // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
            //int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset     ] ] << 24 ) >>>  6 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 )
            //              | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 24 );
            int outBuff =   ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset     ] ] & 0xFF ) << 18 )
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] & 0xFF ) << 12 )
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] & 0xFF ) <<  6)
                          | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ] & 0xFF )      );

            
            destination[ destOffset     ] = (byte)( outBuff >> 16 );
            destination[ destOffset + 1 ] = (byte)( outBuff >>  8 );
            destination[ destOffset + 2 ] = (byte)( outBuff       );

            return 3;
            }catch( Exception e){
                System.out.println(""+source[srcOffset]+ ": " + ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset     ] ]  ) );
                System.out.println(""+source[srcOffset+1]+  ": " + ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ]  ) );
                System.out.println(""+source[srcOffset+2]+  ": " + ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ]  ) );
                System.out.println(""+source[srcOffset+3]+  ": " + ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ]  ) );
                return -1;
            }   //e nd catch
        }
    }   // end decodeToBytes
    
    
    
    
    /**
     * Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in
     * the form of a byte array. Does not support automatically
     * gunzipping or any other "fancy" features.
     *
     * @param source The Base64 encoded data
     * @param off    The offset of where to begin decoding
     * @param len    The length of characters to decode
     * @return decoded data
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static byte[] decode( byte[] source, int off, int len )
    {
        int    len34   = len * 3 / 4;
        byte[] outBuff = new byte[ len34 ]; // Upper limit on size of output
        int    outBuffPosn = 0;
        
        byte[] b4        = new byte[4];
        int    b4Posn    = 0;
        int    i         = 0;
        byte   sbiCrop   = 0;
        byte   sbiDecode = 0;
        for( i = off; i < off+len; i++ )
        {
            sbiCrop = (byte)(source[i] & 0x7f); // Only the low seven bits
            sbiDecode = DECODABET[ sbiCrop ];
            
            if( sbiDecode >= WHITE_SPACE_ENC ) // White space, Equals sign or better
            {
                if( sbiDecode >= EQUALS_SIGN_ENC )
                {
                    b4[ b4Posn++ ] = sbiCrop;
                    if( b4Posn > 3 )
                    {
                        outBuffPosn += decode4to3( b4, 0, outBuff, outBuffPosn );
                        b4Posn = 0;
                        
                        // If that was the equals sign, break out of 'for' loop
                        if( sbiCrop == EQUALS_SIGN )
                            break;
                    }   // end if: quartet built
                    
                }   // end if: equals sign or better
                
            }   // end if: white space, equals sign or better
            else
            {
                System.err.println( "Bad Base64 input character at " + i + ": " + source[i] + "(decimal)" );
                return null;
            }   // end else: 
        }   // each input character
                                   
        byte[] out = new byte[ outBuffPosn ];
        System.arraycopy( outBuff, 0, out, 0, outBuffPosn ); 
        return out;
    }   // end decode
    
    
    
    
    /**
     * Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically
     * detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
     *
     * @param s the string to decode
     * @return the decoded data
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static byte[] decode( String s )
    {   
        byte[] bytes;
        try
        {
            bytes = s.getBytes( PREFERRED_ENCODING );
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uee )
        {
            bytes = s.getBytes();
        }   // end catch
    //</change>
        
        // Decode
        bytes = decode( bytes, 0, bytes.length );
        
        
        // Check to see if it's gzip-compressed
        // GZIP Magic Two-Byte Number: 0x8b1f (35615)
        if( bytes != null && bytes.length >= 4 )
        {
            
            int head = ((int)bytes[0] & 0xff) | ((bytes[1] << 8) & 0xff00);       
            if( java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream.GZIP_MAGIC == head ) 
            {
                java.io.ByteArrayInputStream  bais = null;
                java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream gzis = null;
                java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
                int    length = 0;

                try
                {
                    baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream( bytes );
                    gzis = new java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream( bais );

                    while( ( length = gzis.read( buffer ) ) >= 0 )
                    {
                        baos.write(buffer,0,length);
                    }   // end while: reading input

                    // No error? Get new bytes.
                    bytes = baos.toByteArray();

                }   // end try
                catch( java.io.IOException e )
                {
                    // Just return originally-decoded bytes
                }   // end catch
                finally
                {
                    try{ baos.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
                    try{ gzis.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
                    try{ bais.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
                }   // end finally

            }   // end if: gzipped
        }   // end if: bytes.length >= 2
        
        return bytes;
    }   // end decode


    

    /**
     * Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java
     * Object within. Returns <tt>null</tt> if there was an error.
     *
     * @param encodedObject The Base64 data to decode
     * @return The decoded and deserialized object
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static Object decodeToObject( String encodedObject )
    {
        // Decode and gunzip if necessary
        byte[] objBytes = decode( encodedObject );
        
        java.io.ByteArrayInputStream  bais = null;
        java.io.ObjectInputStream     ois  = null;
        Object obj = null;
        
        try
        {
            bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream( objBytes );
            ois  = new java.io.ObjectInputStream( bais );
        
            obj = ois.readObject();
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            obj = null;
        }   // end catch
        catch( java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e )
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            obj = null;
        }   // end catch
        finally
        {
            try{ bais.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
            try{ ois.close();  } catch( Exception e ){}
        }   // end finally
        
        return obj;
    }   // end decodeObject
    
    
    
    /**
     * Convenience method for encoding data to a file.
     *
     * @param dataToEncode byte array of data to encode in base64 form
     * @param filename Filename for saving encoded data
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
     *
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public static boolean encodeToFile( byte[] dataToEncode, String filename )
    {
        boolean success = false;
        Base64.OutputStream bos = null;
        try
        {
            bos = new Base64.OutputStream( 
                      new java.io.FileOutputStream( filename ), Base64.ENCODE );
            bos.write( dataToEncode );
            success = true;
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            
            success = false;
        }   // end catch: IOException
        finally
        {
            try{ bos.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
        }   // end finally
        
        return success;
    }   // end encodeToFile
    
    
    /**
     * Convenience method for decoding data to a file.
     *
     * @param dataToDecode Base64-encoded data as a string
     * @param filename Filename for saving decoded data
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
     *
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public static boolean decodeToFile( String dataToDecode, String filename )
    {
        boolean success = false;
        Base64.OutputStream bos = null;
        try
        {
                bos = new Base64.OutputStream( 
                          new java.io.FileOutputStream( filename ), Base64.DECODE );
                bos.write( dataToDecode.getBytes( PREFERRED_ENCODING ) );
                success = true;
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            success = false;
        }   // end catch: IOException
        finally
        {
                try{ bos.close(); } catch( Exception e ){}
        }   // end finally
        
        return success;
    }   // end decodeToFile
    
    
    
    
    /**
     * Convenience method for reading a base64-encoded
     * file and decoding it.
     *
     * @param filename Filename for reading encoded data
     * @return decoded byte array or null if unsuccessful
     *
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public static byte[] decodeFromFile( String filename )
    {
        byte[] decodedData = null;
        Base64.InputStream bis = null;
        try
        {
            // Set up some useful variables
            java.io.File file = new java.io.File( filename );
            byte[] buffer = null;
            int length   = 0;
            int numBytes = 0;
            
            // Check for size of file
            if( file.length() > Integer.MAX_VALUE )
            {
                System.err.println( "File is too big for this convenience method (" + file.length() + " bytes)." );
                return null;
            }   // end if: file too big for int index
            buffer = new byte[ (int)file.length() ];
            
            // Open a stream
            bis = new Base64.InputStream( 
                      new java.io.BufferedInputStream( 
                      new java.io.FileInputStream( file ) ), Base64.DECODE );
            
            // Read until done
            while( ( numBytes = bis.read( buffer, length, 4096 ) ) >= 0 )
                length += numBytes;
            
            // Save in a variable to return
            decodedData = new byte[ length ];
            System.arraycopy( buffer, 0, decodedData, 0, length );
            
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            System.err.println( "Error decoding from file " + filename );
        }   // end catch: IOException
        finally
        {
            try{ bis.close(); } catch( Exception e) {}
        }   // end finally
        
        return decodedData;
    }   // end decodeFromFile
    
    
    
    /**
     * Convenience method for reading a binary file
     * and base64-encoding it.
     *
     * @param filename Filename for reading binary data
     * @return base64-encoded string or null if unsuccessful
     *
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public static String encodeFromFile( String filename )
    {
        String encodedData = null;
        Base64.InputStream bis = null;
        try
        {
            // Set up some useful variables
            java.io.File file = new java.io.File( filename );
            byte[] buffer = new byte[ (int)(file.length() * 1.4) ];
            int length   = 0;
            int numBytes = 0;
            
            // Open a stream
            bis = new Base64.InputStream( 
                      new java.io.BufferedInputStream( 
                      new java.io.FileInputStream( file ) ), Base64.ENCODE );
            
            // Read until done
            while( ( numBytes = bis.read( buffer, length, 4096 ) ) >= 0 )
                length += numBytes;
            
            // Save in a variable to return
            encodedData = new String( buffer, 0, length, Base64.PREFERRED_ENCODING );
                
        }   // end try
        catch( java.io.IOException e )
        {
            System.err.println( "Error encoding from file " + filename );
        }   // end catch: IOException
        finally
        {
            try{ bis.close(); } catch( Exception e) {}
        }   // end finally
        
        return encodedData;
        }   // end encodeFromFile
    
    
    
    
    /* ********  I N N E R   C L A S S   I N P U T S T R E A M  ******** */
    
    
    
    /**
     * A {@link Base64.InputStream} will read data from another
     * <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt>, given in the constructor,
     * and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
     *
     * @see Base64
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static class InputStream extends java.io.FilterInputStream
    {
        private boolean encode;         // Encoding or decoding
        private int     position;       // Current position in the buffer
        private byte[]  buffer;         // Small buffer holding converted data
        private int     bufferLength;   // Length of buffer (3 or 4)
        private int     numSigBytes;    // Number of meaningful bytes in the buffer
        private int     lineLength;
        private boolean breakLines;     // Break lines at less than 80 characters
        
        
        /**
         * Constructs a {@link Base64.InputStream} in DECODE mode.
         *
         * @param in the <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt> from which to read data.
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public InputStream( java.io.InputStream in )
        {   
            this( in, DECODE );
        }   // end constructor
        
        
        /**
         * Constructs a {@link Base64.InputStream} in
         * either ENCODE or DECODE mode.
         * <p>
         * Valid options:<pre>
         *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
         *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
         *     (only meaningful when encoding)
         *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
         * </pre>
         * <p>
         * Example: <code>new Base64.InputStream( in, Base64.DECODE )</code>
         *
         *
         * @param in the <tt>java.io.InputStream</tt> from which to read data.
         * @param options Specified options
         * @see Base64#ENCODE
         * @see Base64#DECODE
         * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
         * @since 2.0
         */
        public InputStream( java.io.InputStream in, int options )
        {   
            super( in );
            this.breakLines   = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
            this.encode       = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
            this.bufferLength = encode ? 4 : 3;
            this.buffer   = new byte[ bufferLength ];
            this.position = -1;
            this.lineLength = 0;
        }   // end constructor
        
        /**
         * Reads enough of the input stream to convert
         * to/from Base64 and returns the next byte.
         *
         * @return next byte
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public int read() throws java.io.IOException 
        { 
            // Do we need to get data?
            if( position < 0 )
            {
                if( encode )
                {
                    byte[] b3 = new byte[3];
                    int numBinaryBytes = 0;
                    for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
                    {
                        try
                        { 
                            int b = in.read();
                            
                            // If end of stream, b is -1.
                            if( b >= 0 )
                            {
                                b3[i] = (byte)b;
                                numBinaryBytes++;
                            }   // end if: not end of stream
                            
                        }   // end try: read
                        catch( java.io.IOException e )
                        {   
                            // Only a problem if we got no data at all.
                            if( i == 0 )
                                throw e;
                            
                        }   // end catch
                    }   // end for: each needed input byte
                    
                    if( numBinaryBytes > 0 )
                    {
                        encode3to4( b3, 0, numBinaryBytes, buffer, 0 );
                        position = 0;
                        numSigBytes = 4;
                    }   // end if: got data
                    else
                    {
                        return -1;
                    }   // end else
                }   // end if: encoding
                
                // Else decoding
                else
                {
                    byte[] b4 = new byte[4];
                    int i = 0;
                    for( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
                    {
                        // Read four "meaningful" bytes:
                        int b = 0;
                        do{ b = in.read(); }
                        while( b >= 0 && DECODABET[ b & 0x7f ] <= WHITE_SPACE_ENC );
                        
                        if( b < 0 )
                            break; // Reads a -1 if end of stream
                        
                        b4[i] = (byte)b;
                    }   // end for: each needed input byte
                    
                    if( i == 4 )
                    {
                        numSigBytes = decode4to3( b4, 0, buffer, 0 );
                        position = 0;
                    }   // end if: got four characters
                    else if( i == 0 ){
                        return -1;
                    }   // end else if: also padded correctly
                    else
                    {
                        // Must have broken out from above.
                        throw new java.io.IOException( "Improperly padded Base64 input." );
                    }   // end 
                    
                }   // end else: decode
            }   // end else: get data
            
            // Got data?
            if( position >= 0 )
            {
                // End of relevant data?
                if( /*!encode &&*/ position >= numSigBytes )
                    return -1;
                
                if( encode && breakLines && lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH )
                {
                    lineLength = 0;
                    return '\n';
                }   // end if
                else
                {
                    lineLength++;   // This isn't important when decoding
                                    // but throwing an extra "if" seems
                                    // just as wasteful.
                    
                    int b = buffer[ position++ ];

                    if( position >= bufferLength )
                        position = -1;

                    return b & 0xFF; // This is how you "cast" a byte that's
                                     // intended to be unsigned.
                }   // end else
            }   // end if: position >= 0
            
            // Else error
            else
            {   
                // When JDK1.4 is more accepted, use an assertion here.
                throw new java.io.IOException( "Error in Base64 code reading stream." );
            }   // end else
        }   // end read
        
        
        /**
         * Calls {@link #read()} repeatedly until the end of stream
         * is reached or <var>len</var> bytes are read.
         * Returns number of bytes read into array or -1 if
         * end of stream is encountered.
         *
         * @param dest array to hold values
         * @param off offset for array
         * @param len max number of bytes to read into array
         * @return bytes read into array or -1 if end of stream is encountered.
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public int read( byte[] dest, int off, int len ) throws java.io.IOException
        {
            int i;
            int b;
            for( i = 0; i < len; i++ )
            {
                b = read();
                
                //if( b < 0 && i == 0 )
                //    return -1;
                
                if( b >= 0 )
                    dest[off + i] = (byte)b;
                else if( i == 0 )
                    return -1;
                else
                    break; // Out of 'for' loop
            }   // end for: each byte read
            return i;
        }   // end read
        
    }   // end inner class InputStream
    
    
    
    
    
    
    /* ********  I N N E R   C L A S S   O U T P U T S T R E A M  ******** */
    
    
    
    /**
     * A {@link Base64.OutputStream} will write data to another
     * <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt>, given in the constructor,
     * and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
     *
     * @see Base64
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static class OutputStream extends java.io.FilterOutputStream
    {
        private boolean encode;
        private int     position;
        private byte[]  buffer;
        private int     bufferLength;
        private int     lineLength;
        private boolean breakLines;
        private byte[]  b4; // Scratch used in a few places
        private boolean suspendEncoding;
        
        /**
         * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in ENCODE mode.
         *
         * @param out the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be written.
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public OutputStream( java.io.OutputStream out )
        {   
            this( out, ENCODE );
        }   // end constructor
        
        
        /**
         * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in
         * either ENCODE or DECODE mode.
         * <p>
         * Valid options:<pre>
         *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
         *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
         *     (only meaningful when encoding)
         *     <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i>
         * </pre>
         * <p>
         * Example: <code>new Base64.OutputStream( out, Base64.ENCODE )</code>
         *
         * @param out the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be written.
         * @param options Specified options.
         * @see Base64#ENCODE
         * @see Base64#DECODE
         * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public OutputStream( java.io.OutputStream out, int options )
        {   
            super( out );
            this.breakLines   = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
            this.encode       = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
            this.bufferLength = encode ? 3 : 4;
            this.buffer       = new byte[ bufferLength ];
            this.position     = 0;
            this.lineLength   = 0;
            this.suspendEncoding = false;
            this.b4           = new byte[4];
        }   // end constructor
        
        
        /**
         * Writes the byte to the output stream after
         * converting to/from Base64 notation.
         * When encoding, bytes are buffered three
         * at a time before the output stream actually
         * gets a write() call.
         * When decoding, bytes are buffered four
         * at a time.
         *
         * @param theByte the byte to write
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public void write(int theByte) throws java.io.IOException
        {
            // Encoding suspended?
            if( suspendEncoding )
            {
                super.out.write( theByte );
                return;
            }   // end if: supsended
            
            // Encode?
            if( encode )
            {
                buffer[ position++ ] = (byte)theByte;
                if( position >= bufferLength )  // Enough to encode.
                {
                    out.write( encode3to4( b4, buffer, bufferLength ) );

                    lineLength += 4;
                    if( breakLines && lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH )
                    {
                        out.write( NEW_LINE );
                        lineLength = 0;
                    }   // end if: end of line

                    position = 0;
                }   // end if: enough to output
            }   // end if: encoding

            // Else, Decoding
            else
            {
                // Meaningful Base64 character?
                if( DECODABET[ theByte & 0x7f ] > WHITE_SPACE_ENC )
                {
                    buffer[ position++ ] = (byte)theByte;
                    if( position >= bufferLength )  // Enough to output.
                    {
                        int len = Base64.decode4to3( buffer, 0, b4, 0 );
                        out.write( b4, 0, len );
                        //out.write( Base64.decode4to3( buffer ) );
                        position = 0;
                    }   // end if: enough to output
                }   // end if: meaningful base64 character
                else if( DECODABET[ theByte & 0x7f ] != WHITE_SPACE_ENC )
                {
                    throw new java.io.IOException( "Invalid character in Base64 data." );
                }   // end else: not white space either
            }   // end else: decoding
        }   // end write
        
        
        
        /**
         * Calls {@link #write(int)} repeatedly until <var>len</var> 
         * bytes are written.
         *
         * @param theBytes array from which to read bytes
         * @param off offset for array
         * @param len max number of bytes to read into array
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public void write( byte[] theBytes, int off, int len ) throws java.io.IOException
        {
            // Encoding suspended?
            if( suspendEncoding )
            {
                super.out.write( theBytes, off, len );
                return;
            }   // end if: supsended
            
            for( int i = 0; i < len; i++ )
            {
                write( theBytes[ off + i ] );
            }   // end for: each byte written
            
        }   // end write
        
        
        
        /**
         * Method added by PHIL. [Thanks, PHIL. -Rob]
         * This pads the buffer without closing the stream.
         */
        public void flushBase64() throws java.io.IOException 
        {
            if( position > 0 )
            {
                if( encode )
                {
                    out.write( encode3to4( b4, buffer, position ) );
                    position = 0;
                }   // end if: encoding
                else
                {
                    throw new java.io.IOException( "Base64 input not properly padded." );
                }   // end else: decoding
            }   // end if: buffer partially full

        }   // end flush

        
        /** 
         * Flushes and closes (I think, in the superclass) the stream. 
         *
         * @since 1.3
         */
        public void close() throws java.io.IOException
        {
            // 1. Ensure that pending characters are written
            flushBase64();

            // 2. Actually close the stream
            // Base class both flushes and closes.
            super.close();
            
            buffer = null;
            out    = null;
        }   // end close
        
        
        
        /**
         * Suspends encoding of the stream.
         * May be helpful if you need to embed a piece of
         * base640-encoded data in a stream.
         *
         * @since 1.5.1
         */
        public void suspendEncoding() throws java.io.IOException 
        {
            flushBase64();
            this.suspendEncoding = true;
        }   // end suspendEncoding
        
        
        /**
         * Resumes encoding of the stream.
         * May be helpful if you need to embed a piece of
         * base640-encoded data in a stream.
         *
         * @since 1.5.1
         */
        public void resumeEncoding()
        {
            this.suspendEncoding = false;
        }   // end resumeEncoding
        
        
        
    }   // end inner class OutputStream
    
    
}   // end class Base64

   
    
    
    
    
  








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24.Converting hexadecimal strings
25.Encode and decode data in Base64 format as described in RFC 1521
26.Encode and decode integers, times, and internationalized strings to and from popular binary formats
27.Encoding of raw bytes to base64-encoded characters, and decoding of base64 characters to raw bytes
28.Performs Base64 encoding and/or decoding
29.Provides Base64 encoding and decoding as defined by RFC 2045
30.Provides Base64 encoding and decoding with URL and filename safe alphabet as defined by RFC 3548, section 4.
31.Provides utility methods to Base64 encode data
32.QP Decoder Stream
33.QP Encoder Stream
34.A class to decode Base64 streams and strings.
35.A class to encode Base64 streams and strings.
36.Encodes binary data to plain text as Base64
37.A very fast and memory efficient class to encode and decode to and from BASE64 in full accordance with RFC 2045.
38.Decodes InputStreams which contain binary data in base64 form
39.Base 64 Converter
40.Base64 from org.cspoker.common.util
41.Base64 converted from code at http://iharder.sourceforge.net/base64/
42.Simple Base64 string decoding function
43.Class to represent unsigned 64-bit numbers.
44.A Base64 encoder/decoder.
45.The Base64 utility class implements Base-64 and Base-85 encoding and decoding algorithms.
46.Provides Base64 encoding and decoding
47.Code to read and write Base64-encoded text.
48.Base32 encoding/decoding class.