EXISTS function can be used to represent the ANY and ALL operators : EXISTS « Select Query « SQL Server / T-SQL






EXISTS function can be used to represent the ANY and ALL operators

35>
36>
37>
38> CREATE TABLE employee  (emp_no    INTEGER NOT NULL,
39>                         emp_fname CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
40>                         emp_lname CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
41>                         dept_no   CHAR(4) NULL)
42>
43> insert into employee values(1,  'Matthew', 'Smith',    'd3')
44> insert into employee values(2,  'Ann',     'Jones',    'd3')
45> insert into employee values(3,  'John',    'Barrimore','d1')
46> insert into employee values(4,  'James',   'James',    'd2')
47> insert into employee values(5,  'Elsa',    'Bertoni',  'd2')
48> insert into employee values(6,  'Elke',    'Hansel',   'd2')
49> insert into employee values(7,  'Sybill',  'Moser',    'd1')
50>
51> select * from employee
52> GO

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)
emp_no      emp_fname            emp_lname            dept_no
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------
          1 Matthew              Smith                d3
          2 Ann                  Jones                d3
          3 John                 Barrimore            d1
          4 James                James                d2
          5 Elsa                 Bertoni              d2
          6 Elke                 Hansel               d2
          7 Sybill               Moser                d1

(7 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> CREATE TABLE department(dept_no   CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
4>                         dept_name CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
5>                         location  CHAR(30) NULL)
6>
7> insert into department values ('d1', 'developer',   'Dallas')
8> insert into department values ('d2', 'tester',      'Seattle')
9> insert into department values ('d3', 'marketing',  'Dallas')
10>
11> select * from department
12> GO

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)
dept_no dept_name                 location
------- ------------------------- ------------------------------
d1      developer                 Dallas
d2      tester                    Seattle
d3      marketing                 Dallas

(3 rows affected)
1>
2> CREATE TABLE works_on        (emp_no       INTEGER NOT NULL,
3>                         project_no    CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
4>                         job CHAR (15) NULL,
5>                         enter_date    DATETIME NULL)
6>
7> insert into works_on values (1, 'p1', 'analyst', '1997.10.1')
8> insert into works_on values (1, 'p3', 'manager', '1999.1.1')
9> insert into works_on values (2, 'p2', 'clerk',   '1998.2.15')
10> insert into works_on values (2, 'p2',  NULL,     '1998.6.1')
11> insert into works_on values (3, 'p2',  NULL,     '1997.12.15')
12> insert into works_on values (4, 'p3', 'analyst', '1998.10.15')
13> insert into works_on values (5, 'p1', 'manager', '1998.4.15')
14> insert into works_on values (6, 'p1',  NULL,     '1998.8.1')
15> insert into works_on values (7, 'p2', 'clerk',   '1999.2.1')
16> insert into works_on values (8, 'p3', 'clerk',   '1997.11.15')
17> insert into works_on values (7, 'p1', 'clerk',   '1998.1.4')
18>
19> select * from works_on
20> GO

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)

(1 rows affected)
emp_no      project_no job             enter_date
----------- ---------- --------------- -----------------------
          1 p1         analyst         1997-10-01 00:00:00.000
          1 p3         manager         1999-01-01 00:00:00.000
          2 p2         clerk           1998-02-15 00:00:00.000
          2 p2         NULL            1998-06-01 00:00:00.000
          3 p2         NULL            1997-12-15 00:00:00.000
          4 p3         analyst         1998-10-15 00:00:00.000
          5 p1         manager         1998-04-15 00:00:00.000
          6 p1         NULL            1998-08-01 00:00:00.000
          7 p2         clerk           1999-02-01 00:00:00.000
          8 p3         clerk           1997-11-15 00:00:00.000
          7 p1         clerk           1998-01-04 00:00:00.000

(11 rows affected)
1> -- EXISTS function can be used to represent the ANY and ALL operators
2>
3> SELECT emp_fname, emp_lname FROM employee WHERE EXISTS
4>        (SELECT *  FROM works_on WHERE project_no = 'p1'
5>          AND employee.emp_no = works_on.emp_no)
6> GO
emp_fname            emp_lname
-------------------- --------------------
Matthew              Smith
Elsa                 Bertoni
Elke                 Hansel
Sybill               Moser

(4 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table department
3> drop table employee
4> drop table works_on
5> GO
1>
2>

           
       








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1.NOT EXISTS function
2.Use NOT EXISTS to represent the ALL operator
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4.Using EXISTS Operator for a subquery