Java tutorial
/* * @(#)AppearanceMixed.java 1.23 02/10/21 13:37:08 * * Copyright (c) 1996-2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors may * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without * specific prior written permission. * * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY * IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR * NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING * OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS * LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, * INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER * CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF * OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY * OF SUCH DAMAGES. * * You acknowledge that Software is not designed,licensed or intended for use in * the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear facility. */ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.Background; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.ColoringAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.GraphicsContext3D; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.IndexedTriangleArray; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.PointAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.PolygonAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D; import javax.media.j3d.TextureAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.TransparencyAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.TriangleArray; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.TexCoord2f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse; public class AppearanceMixed extends Applet { private java.net.URL bgImage; private java.net.URL texImage; private SimpleUniverse u = null; static class MyCanvas3D extends Canvas3D { private GraphicsContext3D gc; private static final int vertIndices[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; private static final int normalIndices[] = { 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 }; private IndexedTriangleArray tri = new IndexedTriangleArray(4, IndexedTriangleArray.COORDINATES | IndexedTriangleArray.NORMALS, 6); private Point3f vert[] = { new Point3f(-0.12f, -0.12f, 0.0f), new Point3f(0.12f, -0.12f, 0.0f), new Point3f(0.12f, 0.12f, 0.0f), new Point3f(-0.12f, 0.12f, 0.0f), }; private Point3f min[] = { new Point3f(-0.24f, -0.24f, -0.20f), new Point3f(0.04f, -0.28f, -0.24f), new Point3f(0.00f, 0.00f, -0.24f), new Point3f(-0.32f, 0.08f, -0.20f), }; private Point3f max[] = { new Point3f(-0.04f, -0.04f, 0.12f), new Point3f(0.32f, -0.04f, 0.16f), new Point3f(0.36f, 0.28f, 0.20f), new Point3f(-0.04f, 0.24f, 0.16f), }; private Point3f delta[] = { new Point3f(-0.0021f, -0.0017f, 0.0014f), new Point3f(0.0025f, -0.0013f, -0.0018f), new Point3f(0.0021f, 0.0017f, 0.0018f), new Point3f(-0.0025f, 0.0013f, -0.0014f), }; private Vector3f normals[]; private Vector3f v01 = new Vector3f(); private Vector3f v02 = new Vector3f(); private Vector3f v03 = new Vector3f(); public void renderField(int fieldDesc) { computeVert(); computeNormals(); gc.draw(tri); } private void computeVert() { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { vert[i].add(delta[i]); if (vert[i].x > max[i].x) { vert[i].x = max[i].x; delta[i].x *= -1.0f; } if (vert[i].x < min[i].x) { vert[i].x = min[i].x; delta[i].x *= -1.0f; } if (vert[i].y > max[i].y) { vert[i].y = max[i].y; delta[i].y *= -1.0f; } if (vert[i].y < min[i].y) { vert[i].y = min[i].y; delta[i].y *= -1.0f; } if (vert[i].z > max[i].z) { vert[i].z = max[i].z; delta[i].z *= -1.0f; } if (vert[i].z < min[i].z) { vert[i].z = min[i].z; delta[i].z *= -1.0f; } } tri.setCoordinates(0, vert); } private void computeNormals() { v01.sub(vert[1], vert[0]); v02.sub(vert[2], vert[0]); v03.sub(vert[3], vert[0]); normals[0].cross(v01, v02); normals[0].normalize(); normals[1].cross(v02, v03); normals[1].normalize(); tri.setNormals(0, normals); } public MyCanvas3D(GraphicsConfiguration gcfg) { super(gcfg); // Allocate memory for normals normals = new Vector3f[2]; normals[0] = new Vector3f(); normals[1] = new Vector3f(); // Set up the indices tri.setCoordinateIndices(0, vertIndices); tri.setNormalIndices(0, normalIndices); // Set up the graphics context gc = getGraphicsContext3D(); // Create the appearance for the triangle fan Appearance app = new Appearance(); Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Color3f white = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f); app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, white, 80.0f)); gc.setAppearance(app); // Set up the global lights Color3f lColor1 = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); Vector3f lDir1 = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); Color3f alColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); gc.addLight(new AmbientLight(alColor)); gc.addLight(new DirectionalLight(lColor1, lDir1)); } } private BranchGroup createSceneGraph() { // Create the root of the branch graph BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create a bounds for the background and lights BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); // Set up the background TextureLoader bgTexture = new TextureLoader(bgImage, this); Background bg = new Background(bgTexture.getImage()); bg.setApplicationBounds(bounds); objRoot.addChild(bg); // Set up the global lights Color3f lColor1 = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); Vector3f lDir1 = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); Color3f alColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); AmbientLight aLgt = new AmbientLight(alColor); aLgt.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); DirectionalLight lgt1 = new DirectionalLight(lColor1, lDir1); lgt1.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); objRoot.addChild(aLgt); objRoot.addChild(lgt1); // Create a bunch of objects with a behavior and add them // into the scene graph. int row, col; Appearance[][] app = new Appearance[3][3]; for (row = 0; row < 3; row++) for (col = 0; col < 3; col++) app[row][col] = createAppearance(row * 3 + col); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { double ypos = (double) (i - 1) * 0.6; for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { double xpos = (double) (j - 1) * 0.6; objRoot.addChild(createObject(app[i][j], 0.12, xpos, ypos)); } } // Let Java 3D perform optimizations on this scene graph. objRoot.compile(); return objRoot; } private Appearance createAppearance(int idx) { Appearance app = new Appearance(); // Globally used colors Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Color3f white = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); switch (idx) { // Unlit solid case 0: { // Set up the coloring properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f); ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(objColor); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); break; } // Unlit wire frame case 1: { // Set up the coloring properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.2f); ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(objColor); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); // Set up the polygon attributes PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes(); pa.setPolygonMode(pa.POLYGON_LINE); pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE); app.setPolygonAttributes(pa); break; } // Unlit points case 2: { // Set up the coloring properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(objColor); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); // Set up the polygon attributes PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes(); pa.setPolygonMode(pa.POLYGON_POINT); pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE); app.setPolygonAttributes(pa); // Set up point attributes PointAttributes pta = new PointAttributes(); pta.setPointSize(5.0f); app.setPointAttributes(pta); break; } // Lit solid case 3: { // Set up the material properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f); app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, white, 80.0f)); break; } // Texture mapped, lit solid case 4: { // Set up the texture map TextureLoader tex = new TextureLoader(texImage, this); app.setTexture(tex.getTexture()); TextureAttributes texAttr = new TextureAttributes(); texAttr.setTextureMode(TextureAttributes.MODULATE); app.setTextureAttributes(texAttr); // Set up the material properties app.setMaterial(new Material(white, black, white, black, 1.0f)); break; } // Transparent, lit solid case 5: { // Set up the transparency properties TransparencyAttributes ta = new TransparencyAttributes(); ta.setTransparencyMode(ta.BLENDED); ta.setTransparency(0.6f); app.setTransparencyAttributes(ta); // Set up the polygon attributes PolygonAttributes pa = new PolygonAttributes(); pa.setCullFace(pa.CULL_NONE); app.setPolygonAttributes(pa); // Set up the material properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.8f, 1.0f); app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 1.0f)); break; } // Lit solid, no specular case 6: { // Set up the material properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f); app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, black, 80.0f)); break; } // Lit solid, specular only case 7: { // Set up the material properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f); app.setMaterial(new Material(black, black, black, white, 80.0f)); break; } // Another lit solid with a different color case 8: { // Set up the material properties Color3f objColor = new Color3f(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.0f); app.setMaterial(new Material(objColor, black, objColor, white, 80.0f)); break; } default: { ColoringAttributes ca = new ColoringAttributes(); ca.setColor(new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); app.setColoringAttributes(ca); } } return app; } private Group createObject(Appearance app, double scale, double xpos, double ypos) { // Create a transform group node to scale and position the object. Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); t.set(scale, new Vector3d(xpos, ypos, 0.0)); TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(t); // Create a second transform group node and initialize it to the // identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that // our behavior code can modify it at runtime. TransformGroup spinTg = new TransformGroup(); spinTg.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); // Create a simple shape leaf node and set the appearance Shape3D shape = new Tetrahedron(); shape.setAppearance(app); // add it to the scene graph. spinTg.addChild(shape); // Create a new Behavior object that will perform the desired // operation on the specified transform object and add it into // the scene graph. Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0, 5000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator(rotationAlpha, spinTg, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI * 2.0f); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); // Add the behavior and the transform group to the object objTrans.addChild(rotator); objTrans.addChild(spinTg); return objTrans; } public AppearanceMixed() { } public AppearanceMixed(java.net.URL bgurl, java.net.URL texurl) { bgImage = bgurl; texImage = texurl; } public void init() { if (bgImage == null) { // the path to the image for an applet try { bgImage = new java.net.URL(getCodeBase().toString() + "bg.jpg"); } catch (java.net.MalformedURLException ex) { System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); System.exit(1); } } if (texImage == null) { // the path to the image for an applet try { texImage = new java.net.URL(getCodeBase().toString() + "apimage.jpg"); } catch (java.net.MalformedURLException ex) { System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); System.exit(1); } } setLayout(new BorderLayout()); GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse.getPreferredConfiguration(); MyCanvas3D c = new MyCanvas3D(config); add("Center", c); // Create a simple scene and attach it to the virtual universe BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph(); u = new SimpleUniverse(c); // This will move the ViewPlatform back a bit so the // objects in the scene can be viewed. u.getViewingPlatform().setNominalViewingTransform(); u.addBranchGraph(scene); } public void destroy() { u.cleanup(); } // // The following allows AppearanceMixed to be run as an application // as well as an applet // public static void main(String[] args) { // the path to the image file for an application java.net.URL bgurl = null; java.net.URL texurl = null; try { bgurl = new java.net.URL("file:bg.jpg"); texurl = new java.net.URL("file:apimage.jpg"); } catch (java.net.MalformedURLException ex) { System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); System.exit(1); } new MainFrame(new AppearanceMixed(bgurl, texurl), 700, 700); } } class Tetrahedron extends Shape3D { private static final float sqrt3 = (float) Math.sqrt(3.0); private static final float sqrt3_3 = sqrt3 / 3.0f; private static final float sqrt24_3 = (float) Math.sqrt(24.0) / 3.0f; private static final float ycenter = 0.5f * sqrt24_3; private static final float zcenter = -sqrt3_3; private static final Point3f p1 = new Point3f(-1.0f, -ycenter, -zcenter); private static final Point3f p2 = new Point3f(1.0f, -ycenter, -zcenter); private static final Point3f p3 = new Point3f(0.0f, -ycenter, -sqrt3 - zcenter); private static final Point3f p4 = new Point3f(0.0f, sqrt24_3 - ycenter, 0.0f); private static final Point3f[] verts = { p1, p2, p4, // front face p1, p4, p3, // left, back face p2, p3, p4, // right, back face p1, p3, p2, // bottom face }; private TexCoord2f texCoord[] = { new TexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f), new TexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f), new TexCoord2f(0.5f, sqrt3 / 2.0f), }; public Tetrahedron() { int i; TriangleArray tetra = new TriangleArray(12, TriangleArray.COORDINATES | TriangleArray.NORMALS | TriangleArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2); tetra.setCoordinates(0, verts); for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) { tetra.setTextureCoordinate(0, i, texCoord[i % 3]); } int face; Vector3f normal = new Vector3f(); Vector3f v1 = new Vector3f(); Vector3f v2 = new Vector3f(); Point3f[] pts = new Point3f[3]; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) pts[i] = new Point3f(); for (face = 0; face < 4; face++) { tetra.getCoordinates(face * 3, pts); v1.sub(pts[1], pts[0]); v2.sub(pts[2], pts[0]); normal.cross(v1, v2); normal.normalize(); for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { tetra.setNormal((face * 3 + i), normal); } } this.setGeometry(tetra); this.setAppearance(new Appearance()); } }