Java tutorial
/* Essential Java 3D Fast Ian Palmer Publisher: Springer-Verlag ISBN: 1-85233-394-4 */ import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Panel; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.Billboard; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingLeaf; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.keyboard.KeyNavigatorBehavior; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Box; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.ColorCube; /** * This application demonstrates the use of a billboard node. Two cubes are * created, one yellow and the other with a a different colour on each face. The * billboard is created so that the red face of the right cube is always facing * the viewer. A key board utility class is used to allow modification of the * view angle. * * @author I.J.Palmer * @version 1.0 */ public class SimpleBillboard extends Frame implements ActionListener { protected Canvas3D myCanvas3D = new Canvas3D(null); protected Button exitButton = new Button("Exit"); protected BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); /** * Build the view branch of the scene graph. In this case a key navigation * utility object is created and associated with the view transform so that * the view can be changed via the keyboard. * * @return BranchGroup that is the root of the view branch */ protected BranchGroup buildViewBranch(Canvas3D c) { BranchGroup viewBranch = new BranchGroup(); Transform3D viewXfm = new Transform3D(); viewXfm.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); TransformGroup viewXfmGroup = new TransformGroup(viewXfm); viewXfmGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ); viewXfmGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); BoundingSphere movingBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); BoundingLeaf boundLeaf = new BoundingLeaf(movingBounds); ViewPlatform myViewPlatform = new ViewPlatform(); viewXfmGroup.addChild(boundLeaf); PhysicalBody myBody = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment myEnvironment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); viewXfmGroup.addChild(myViewPlatform); viewBranch.addChild(viewXfmGroup); View myView = new View(); myView.addCanvas3D(c); myView.attachViewPlatform(myViewPlatform); myView.setPhysicalBody(myBody); myView.setPhysicalEnvironment(myEnvironment); KeyNavigatorBehavior keyNav = new KeyNavigatorBehavior(viewXfmGroup); keyNav.setSchedulingBounds(movingBounds); viewBranch.addChild(keyNav); return viewBranch; } /** * Add some lights to the scene graph * * @param b * BranchGroup that the lights are added to */ protected void addLights(BranchGroup b) { Color3f ambLightColour = new Color3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); AmbientLight ambLight = new AmbientLight(ambLightColour); ambLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); Color3f dirLightColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); Vector3f dirLightDir = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); DirectionalLight dirLight = new DirectionalLight(dirLightColour, dirLightDir); dirLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); b.addChild(ambLight); b.addChild(dirLight); } /** * Build the content branch for the scene graph. This creates two cubes and * uses a billboard node to keep one face of one of the cubes facing the * viewer. * * @return BranchGroup that is the root of the content */ protected BranchGroup buildContentBranch() { //Create the appearance Appearance app = new Appearance(); Color3f ambientColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); Color3f emissiveColour = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Color3f specularColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); Color3f diffuseColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); float shininess = 20.0f; app.setMaterial(new Material(ambientColour, emissiveColour, diffuseColour, specularColour, shininess)); //Make the cubes Box leftCube = new Box(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, app); ColorCube rightCube = new ColorCube(); //Create the transformgroup used for the billboard TransformGroup billBoardGroup = new TransformGroup(); //Set the access rights to the group billBoardGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); //Add the cube to the group billBoardGroup.addChild(rightCube); //Create and activate the billboard Billboard myBillboard = new Billboard(billBoardGroup, Billboard.ROTATE_ABOUT_AXIS, new Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); myBillboard.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); BranchGroup contentBranch = new BranchGroup(); contentBranch.addChild(myBillboard); addLights(contentBranch); //Position the cubes TransformGroup bothGroup = new TransformGroup(); Transform3D leftGroupXfm = new Transform3D(); leftGroupXfm.set(new Vector3d(-1.5, 0.0, 0.0)); TransformGroup leftGroup = new TransformGroup(leftGroupXfm); Transform3D rightGroupXfm = new Transform3D(); rightGroupXfm.set(new Vector3d(1.5, 0.0, 0.0)); TransformGroup rightGroup = new TransformGroup(rightGroupXfm); //Put it all together bothGroup.addChild(leftGroup); leftGroup.addChild(leftCube); bothGroup.addChild(rightGroup); rightGroup.addChild(billBoardGroup); contentBranch.addChild(bothGroup); return contentBranch; } /** * Use the action event of the exit button to end the application. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } public SimpleBillboard() { VirtualUniverse myUniverse = new VirtualUniverse(); Locale myLocale = new Locale(myUniverse); myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildViewBranch(myCanvas3D)); myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildContentBranch()); setTitle("SimpleBillboard"); setSize(400, 400); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Panel bottom = new Panel(); bottom.add(exitButton); add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myCanvas3D); add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, bottom); exitButton.addActionListener(this); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { SimpleBillboard sw = new SimpleBillboard(); } }